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  <title>La Route Catholique vers la nouvelle RENAISSANCE</title>
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  <description><![CDATA[绝对严肃，复活艺术！  我有很深的欧洲情节：平日大多数时侯像英国人一样古板，但有时生活得又像四班牙般地放荡不羁。总想用意大利式的忧郁浪漫来表现希腊人的理想。向往住在北欧的我，在学着法语的同时，却被俄罗斯深邃的文学所深深地吸引。这就是我，绰号，德意志诗人。。。
当然，我最喜欢的还是美国人的舒适。。。
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									<title>La Route Catholique vers la nouvelle RENAISSANCE</title>
									<link>http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com</link>
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   <title>世界杯报道（再续）</title>
   <description><![CDATA[	<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="5" month="7" year="2006"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US">7</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">月</span><span lang="EN-US">5</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，德国</span><span lang="EN-US">0:2</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">意大利（半决赛）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">“</span><span lang="EN-US">119</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">”，意大利消防队浇灭德国火焰。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">除了被意大利媒体陷害而未能出场的弗林斯之外，德国派出了全部精英，并为向柏林前进竭尽全力。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">但是，今天的吸血鬼不再等待。他们飞出自己的城堡。在皮尔洛的指挥下，用尖牙猛刺德国人的双肋。在经历了双方不是交换攻防角色的七十分钟后，球场的中场被抽成真空。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">比赛进入加时后，地中海的海浪开始不断地猛烈冲击温斯特法伦的神话。双方似乎都不愿把比赛拖至点球。进攻和战术犯规是他们脑子里记得的仅有的两个词。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">成熟稳重且极富经验的威尼斯商人逐渐摸透了少年维特的心思，完全压制了德国本已不再十分强烈的进攻的念头。在加时赛一开始被雅典娜两次眷顾的德国青年，在最后时刻被抛弃了……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">第</span><span lang="EN-US">119</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">分钟，消防队长皮尔洛指挥队员格罗索，抢在点球定时前，准确地拆除了有可能引爆整个世界的德国奇迹。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">不到一分钟，黑手党又在拼命求胜的德国青年身上补了一刀……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">今天的意大利是不一样的意大利；今天的德国也是不一样的德国。被别人用本来自己最擅长的方式（最后时刻刺杀对手）淘汰是唯一不能让人接受的事实。作为补偿，德国的黎明如期将至……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><chsdate w:st="on" isrocdate="False" islunardate="False" day="9" month="7" year="2006"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US">7</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">月</span><span lang="EN-US">9</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，德国</span><span lang="EN-US">3:1</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">葡萄牙（三四名决赛）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">最后，最后，最后……另一种意义的世界杯，另一种意义的完美夏天。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">对于全德国来说，这既是一场胜似决赛的比赛，也是世界杯留给他们的最后的盛大</span><span lang="EN-US">PARTY</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在克林斯曼的故乡斯图加特，面对全主力阵容的葡萄牙，德国二队没有显出任何弱势。没有核心的德国中场出人意料地仍然运转良好</span><span lang="EN-US">~</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">下半时德国人五分钟内的两粒入球，使得进攻实力早已退色的葡萄牙几乎放弃了奖牌……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">第</span><span lang="EN-US">75</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">分钟，葡萄牙黄金一代最后德国王菲戈被替换上场，为他自己的世界杯生涯作最后的告别……可就在他上场后的两分钟，即将在几秒后被换下的小猪儿（施奈因施奈德）完成了自己的准帽子戏法。同时，他也是本届世界杯最接近帽子戏法的球员。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">小猪儿一个人的爆发位年轻的德国和年轻的克林斯曼赢得了一场意义重大的胜利！他们需要一场狂妄的胜利来为两年后、四年后的梦想注入现实的力量。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在除了第二替补门将希尔的布兰之外的所有</span><span lang="EN-US">22</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">名球员稀疏登场之后，德国享受着纯粹世界杯的最后十五分钟……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">葡萄牙在最后时刻的进球不仅为斯格拉里这四年在中锋位置上的“保莱塔信仰”作出了终身，而且也使得比赛变得更加完美。因为，这正体现了世界杯大</span><span lang="EN-US">PARTY</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">的温情。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在这个盛夏时节的傍晚，在斯图加特森林体育场中，德国人收获了他们自己的世界杯，以及他们自己的“仲夏夜之梦”……</span></p><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2748280.html">世界杯报道 2</a> 2006-07-03</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2748274.html">世界杯报道 1</a> 2006-07-03</div><div><a href="/logs/2601080.html">对中国近代史西方列强入侵的新反思</a> 2006-06-04</div><div><a href="/logs/2600983.html">古代文明的神庙与柱子</a> 2006-06-04</div><div><a href="/logs/1684153.html">la littérature de Renaissance</a> 2005-12-09</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Flaroutecatholique.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2854152.html&title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9D%AF%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93%EF%BC%88%E5%86%8D%E7%BB%AD%EF%BC%89%0D">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2854152.html</link>
   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Mon, 17 Jul 2006 16:08:54 +0800</pubDate>
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  <item>
   <title>世界杯报道 2</title>
   <description><![CDATA[	<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><chsdate w:st="on" year="2006" month="6" day="24" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US">6</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">月</span><span lang="EN-US">24</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，多哥</span><span lang="EN-US">0:2</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">法国，瑞士</span><span lang="EN-US">2:0</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">韩国</span> </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">（</span><span lang="EN-US">G</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">组第三轮）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">韩国被一对欧洲兄弟玩儿死了。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">多哥人果然没有能力为这两场惊心动魄的比赛添彩。上半场的良好表现被下半时法国人两粒快速入球完全淹没在失望中。。。缺少齐达内的法国人在用英式足球磕死多哥人的同时，也把另一赛场上</span><span lang="EN-US">0:1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">落后于瑞士的韩国人推上了悬崖。此时，两场比赛只剩下了一场。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">法国人在前两轮幸运抢得的两分起了决定性作用。再加上这场比赛的两个进球，他们已经确保自己以小组第二的身份晋级。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">瑞士人从比赛一开始就没有想要与韩国默契一下的想法。三分之一的法国血统使他与法国人产生了匪夷所思的默契。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">韩国人在占尽优势的情况下，又被瑞士人偷袭得手。尽管此后太极虎从未放弃过进攻，反而是瑞士人丧失了斗志，但是，这场比赛最终还是以“不公平的”</span><span lang="EN-US">0:2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">结束了。。。攻势足球再次惨遭羞辱。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">继</span><chsdate w:st="on" year="2006" month="6" day="22" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><span lang="EN-US">6</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">月</span><span lang="EN-US">22</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日</span></chsdate><span lang="EN-US">E</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">组的比赛之后，这又是一个让人倍感失望的夜晚；</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">继科特迪瓦之后，又一个应该留下的人——韩国离开了。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><chsdate w:st="on" year="2006" month="6" day="24" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US">6</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">月</span><span lang="EN-US">24</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，德国</span><span lang="EN-US">2:0</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">瑞典</span> </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">（</span><span lang="EN-US">1/8</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">决赛）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">我的德意志，他终于回来了</span><span lang="EN-US">~</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在拜仁的主场，夜幕下巨大的、会变颜色刨冰慕尼黑奥林匹克球场，德国人只用了十四分钟就击垮了瑞典海盗的战舰。晕头转向的瑞典人</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">多分钟时再遭雷劈。。。尤西奇累计两张黄牌被罚下。此后，德国人边玩儿边演练阵形，把剩下的时间一点点地消磨掉。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">瑞典艺术大师拉尔森在下半场开场不久，曾通过自己在德国禁区内一次精湛的表演为正在消亡的帝国瑞典赚得了一个希望，但尔后又被他自己一脚轰到天上去了。。。本就没有实力，尔后又没有了运气的海盗们不得不下决心回家去了。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">德国，一位昔日的英雄，如今脱胎换骨，怀着一腔年轻的热血走在通往柏林的路上。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><chsdate w:st="on" year="2006" month="6" day="26" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US">6</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">月</span><span lang="EN-US">26</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，荷兰</span><span lang="EN-US">0:1</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">葡萄牙</span> </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">（</span><span lang="EN-US">1/8</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">决赛）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">昨夜，两个号称只踢艺术足球的男孩儿——荷兰和葡萄牙的真面目被揭穿！全场</span><span lang="EN-US">16</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">张黄牌</span><span lang="EN-US">4</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">张红牌不完全是俄罗斯主裁的水平问题。。。虽然葡萄牙最终以</span><span lang="EN-US">1:0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">“打”赢了这场比赛，但最高兴的人一定是埃里克松。他和他的那帮英国小男人将在盖尔森基兴等待残障的葡萄牙的到来，为他们曾在欧洲杯上的失利报仇。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><chsdate w:st="on" year="2006" month="6" day="27" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US">6</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">月</span><span lang="EN-US">27</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，巴西</span><span lang="EN-US">2:0</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">加纳</span> </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">（</span><span lang="EN-US">1/8</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">决赛）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><chsdate w:st="on" year="2006" month="6" day="28" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US">6</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">月</span><span lang="EN-US">28</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，西班牙</span><span lang="EN-US">1:3</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">法国</span> </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">（</span><span lang="EN-US">1/8</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">决赛）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">悲惨世界（杯）</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">八场令人失望噩梦终于都结束了</span><span lang="EN-US">~</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">虽然巴西仍然像小组赛时那样慵懒，但没有了运气和缺少裁判公正对待的加纳新军，还不足以给这些热衷于在场上捏臀部的人制造很大威胁。巴西以一场毫无悬念的</span><span lang="EN-US">3:0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">结果了非洲最后的希望。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">“悲惨世界”最后一幕的两位主角——法国和西班牙奇异地交换了各自在小组赛时的状态。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">虽然法国人只会起到亨利反越位成功这一种进攻方式，但以马鲁达、马克莱莱、维埃拉为核心的法国黑人帮，通灵般地获取到能够毒死西班牙舞者的灵丹妙药，使后者传球断断续续，进攻踉踉跄跄。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这种毒药是在西班牙人一球领先后才开始慢慢散发毒性的。尽管阿拉贡内斯医生及时对球队进行了换血，但脆弱的西班牙还是无可挽救地衰弱下去。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">不论怎样，黑人帮头领亨里的作用是显著的：法国扳平一球正是他利用自己一贯的越位迷惑了斗牛士，使之轻易地让公牛里贝里顶伤了自己；</span><span lang="EN-US">83</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">分钟时，斗牛士再遭他的暗算：他用自己的表演为老迈的骗得了一次不会被别人打扰的表演机会。结果，在黑人帮而头领维埃拉的逼迫和法国毒素的双重作用下，斗牛士拉莫斯把腿伸向自己大门。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">最终，西班牙</span><span lang="EN-US">1:3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">不治身亡。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><chsdate w:st="on" year="2006" month="6" day="30" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US">6</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">月</span><span lang="EN-US">30</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，德国</span><span lang="EN-US">5:3</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">阿根廷（点球</span><span lang="EN-US">4:2</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">）（</span><span lang="EN-US">1/4</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">决赛）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">最崇尚进攻的两支球队——德国和阿根廷携手奉献了本届世界杯最精彩的一场比赛。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">开场后，德国人没有发动闪电战，而是降慢节奏与阿根廷人争夺控球权。德国和阿根廷从上帝那里各得到的唯一一次机会分别被两队队长巴拉克和索林错过了。整个上半场，两位准冠军凝重的呼吸冻结了柏林奥林匹克体育场的歌声。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">下半时，潘帕斯草原上的牧人，忠诚的阿亚拉配到德国门前突施冷箭，为自己的祖国阿根廷刺穿了德国人的心脏。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">花了四十五分钟来学习如何用阿根廷人的方式来击败阿根廷的德国人就此醒来，转用新德国特有的、丰富的进攻方式来威胁阿根廷。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US">60</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">至</span><span lang="EN-US">70</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">分钟间，克林斯曼和佩克尔曼阐明了他们对比赛的不同理解。里克尔梅的离开和克鲁兹的登场时阿根廷变成了过去的德国阵形；而克林斯曼曾多次亮出的三张王牌——诺伊维尔、奥登科尔和博洛夫斯基先后为德国注入了反击的动力。比赛回到双方都熟悉的节奏上来。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在一段拉锯战之后，第</span><span lang="EN-US">80</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">分钟，德国军队终于开进布宜诺斯艾利斯。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">没有了大脑里克尔梅和梅西、萨维奥拉的速度的巴塔哥尼亚猎人，在补时的三十分钟再也无力组织有效的进攻，只得死守布宜诺斯艾利斯城中</span><span lang="EN-US">1:1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">那一小块地方。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在决战的最后时刻，时间再次被凝固了。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">德意志，这暴风骤雨种地战神，把与自己同样精疲力尽的阿根廷人拖入点球的箭场。这是德国征服计划的一部分，却也是令整个阿根廷胆寒的咒语。克林斯曼在比赛前一天组织队员进行的射箭比赛，使这支年轻的德国近卫军在心理上重获古德国钢铁般的意志力。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">一百二十分钟后的德国是完美的德国，是无比强大的德国，是群雄逐鹿时代的征服者德国。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">阿根廷替补门将四个点球都扑错了方向，而莱曼用他的双手护送德国人踏入温斯特法伦。在那里，</span><span lang="EN-US">3:0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">轻松击败乌克兰的意大利盾牌正等待着他们。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><chsdate w:st="on" year="2006" month="7" day="1" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US">7</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">月</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，英格兰</span><span lang="EN-US">3:1</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">葡萄牙</span> </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">（点球</span><span lang="EN-US">3:1</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">）（</span><span lang="EN-US">1/4</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">决赛）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><chsdate w:st="on" year="2006" month="7" day="2" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US">7</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">月</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，巴西</span><span lang="EN-US">0:1</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">法国</span> </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">（</span><span lang="EN-US">1/4</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">决赛）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">世界杯把爆冷留到最后，两支“弱旅”进军半决赛。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">英格兰和巴西双双遭遇</span><span lang="EN-US">98</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">年的厄运。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">对于英格兰来说，阿根廷摇身变成了葡萄牙。八年前被魔鬼诱惑的贝格汉姆已变得成熟很多，但因旧伤复发而仍然不得不中途退场。这次，鲁尼成为大不列颠的罪人。他找来的红牌是自己的祖国迫不得已从进攻转入防守。但英勇的萨克森人当年抗击罗马军团是的潜在斗志也因此被激发出来。他们成功地以少抵多，把无计可施的葡萄牙一手拽下点球的悬崖。尽管两队都极不擅长点球，但射失两粒点球的葡萄牙人还是被神经更加脆弱的萨克森战士保送走进慕尼黑。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">神负女王。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">盖尔森基兴的大不列颠军团被抛弃了。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">巴西和整个世界杯都没有做好“迎接”小个子高卢人里贝里的准备。攻守分工明确的法国中场完全压制了缺少埃默森的巴西。复活的齐达内更是犹如一块吸引光芒的吸铁石，成为法兰克福上空最璀璨的、照耀全法国的引路之星。他的传球帮助亨里一脚踢碎了所有巴西人的心。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">破纪录地组成三前锋的巴西人仍不能摆脱骨子里的慵懒，一直都未能醒来。在亨利进球后，迪达仍比巴特茨更显忙碌。桑巴舞者在场上只剩下扭动臀部了。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US">85</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">分钟时换下亨利的多米尼克没有遭遇阿根廷将军佩克尔曼的不幸，单打独斗的巴西人在法国森林中举步维艰，最终也没能创造奇迹。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">世界杯欧洲化的伟业在经过四分之一决赛之后，终于完成了</span><span lang="EN-US">~ </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">而与神交换的代价是哈姆雷特的国——英格兰。</span></p><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2854152.html">世界杯报道（再续）</a> 2006-07-17</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2748274.html">世界杯报道 1</a> 2006-07-03</div><div><a href="/logs/2600983.html">古代文明的神庙与柱子</a> 2006-06-04</div><div><a href="/logs/1722766.html">心理学概述12</a> 2005-12-19</div><div><a href="/logs/1576662.html">Long-distance bus</a> 2005-11-08</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Flaroutecatholique.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2748280.html&title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9D%AF%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93+2%0D">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2748280.html</link>
   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Mon, 03 Jul 2006 18:41:31 +0800</pubDate>
  </item>
  <item>
   <title>世界杯报道 1</title>
   <description><![CDATA[	<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><chsdate w:st="on" year="2006" month="6" day="15" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US">6</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">月</span><span lang="EN-US">15</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，德国</span><span lang="EN-US">1:0</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">波兰</span> </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">（</span><span lang="EN-US">A</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">组第二轮）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">全场一万多脚射门就是不进。克林斯曼的确很强硬，下半场连续换上三名进攻型球员（诺伊维尔，奥登科尔和博洛夫斯基）。奥登科尔刚一上场就为波多尔斯基创造了一次禁区内的机会。</span><span lang="EN-US">75</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">分钟时，波兰被罚下一人。也就是从这时起，场边的波兰人开始不停地唱歌，意图与他们的战士一起坚守到最后一刻。德国人的进攻在波兰大门前只打雷不下雨。</span><span lang="EN-US">90</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">分钟时的两个门柱已经使我绝望了。整个温斯特法伦球场也沉寂了……但德国就是德国！</span><span lang="EN-US">92</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">分钟时，德国强大的取胜意志终于摧毁了波兰人的防线。喜悦从温斯特法伦火山中瞬时爆发出来！两个替补球员策划并实施了最后的绝杀……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><chsdate w:st="on" year="2006" month="6" day="16" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US">6</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">月</span><span lang="EN-US">16</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，荷兰</span><span lang="EN-US">2:1</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">科特迪瓦（</span><span lang="EN-US">C</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">组第二轮）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">荷兰人真恶心……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">裁判真恶毒……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">真心地为象牙海岸的黑人兄弟们感到难过……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">漂亮的传接，顽强的进攻……本场比赛科特迪瓦人完全可称得上是荷兰人的老师！</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">荷兰人在场上尽情地手球，蹬踏，也不用担心在自己禁区里被判点球。虽然前场两个边路飞不起来，虽然中路范尼想独也独不起来（因为根本拿不到球），虽然中场完全缴械，虽然后卫经常狼狈地爬着抢球或在门线上解围，但只要能无忧无虑地在场上犯规，只要想尽一切办法耽误时间，就足以使他们获得一场对两队来说都非常重要的胜利了……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">世界杯送走了第一个应该留下的人。如果说上届世界杯玩儿死了很多强队，那么这次则是列强得逞了……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">荷兰现在的打法就是</span><span lang="EN-US">COPY</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">切尔奇！毫无观赏性可言</span><span lang="EN-US">~</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">简直就是帮只会防守反击的垃圾！</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">同样年轻，同样怀揣着在自己的第一次世界杯上展现自我的强烈愿望，德国和西班牙的小伙子们比荷兰这帮毛孩子要更有激情，必要时也更有理性。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">看到目前为止，各路强国普遍实力都有所提高。但荷兰与退色黄金葡萄牙，以及不再会踢足球的、老迈的法国一同衰落了……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">虽然从未指望荷兰还能排出三后卫的阵形，但</span><span lang="EN-US">433</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">频频在场上变成</span><span lang="EN-US">631</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">实在是有些说不过去……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><chsdate w:st="on" year="2006" month="6" day="17" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US">6</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">月</span><span lang="EN-US">17</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，捷克</span><span lang="EN-US">0:2</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">加纳</span> </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">（</span><span lang="EN-US">E</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">组第二轮）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">幸运、血腥、悬念……捷克</span><span lang="EN-US">0:2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">溃于加纳。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">幸运贯穿于捷克与加纳的整场对决：上半场仅</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">分</span><span lang="EN-US">9</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">秒加纳就率先进球。此后，第一轮对阵美国的捷克牌强力战车仿佛锈住了。而加纳那孩儿们在迫切希望提前晋级十六强的捷克人面前也毫不退缩。下半场未过半，后防大将乌依法芦席正常的低迷终于给已略显疲态的队友们招致了一粒点球……同时，气急败坏的他又因挑战裁判权威而被罚下。此时性运第二次降临，这次雅典娜触摸了捷克人。他们接过加纳小将射失的点球后即可发起最后的搏杀……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">放弃后防，增加前场人数。内德维德累地倒在地上迟迟站不起来，罗希基每五分钟就奔袭五十多米直突对方禁区……但中场发动机始终运转不畅。血腥混乱的场面持续了二十多分钟……捷克“老人”们堆在前场单打独斗，而非洲猎人的血腥也因错失点球而被激发出来</span><span lang="EN-US">~</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在此期间雅典娜一直陪伴着切赫，使之既是门将又是后卫，直至比赛的第</span><span lang="EN-US">83</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">分钟。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">最后的几分钟是残忍的……加纳小伙子们似乎每个人都想感受一下进球的快感……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">非洲球队终于显示出了他们应有的实力。本场比赛过后，</span><span lang="EN-US">E</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">组的出线形势悬念重生。加纳压过伤痕累累的捷克，成为小组第二最有竞争力的候选人。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><chsdate w:st="on" year="2006" month="6" day="18" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US">6</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">月</span><span lang="EN-US">18</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，意大利</span><span lang="EN-US">1:1</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">美国</span> </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">（</span><span lang="EN-US">E</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">组第二轮）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">美国大兵</span><span lang="EN-US">1:1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在亚平宁登陆！</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">上半场</span><span lang="EN-US">20</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">多分钟时，吉拉蒂诺拽着波普的球衣摔倒在反击的路上，骗得一个任意球。波普的眼神中流露出美国人特有的不屑；也正是此球成就了意大利人再次上演死皮赖脸式的领先。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">不得不说，</span><span lang="EN-US">28</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">分钟时打进本方大门一球的意大利人扎卡尔多实在让人爱死了</span><span lang="EN-US">~</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">因为他顶住压力大义灭亲，阐释了公证！一分钟过后德罗西的红牌更是令人兴奋地跳起来，振臂欢呼！</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">意大利在锋线上的两个报废的希望如同死人。保守的里皮用屠夫加图索换下了一门大炮托蒂。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span lang="EN-US">44</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">分钟时，上帝失望了……裁判终于站出来，又用一张红牌为垂死的意大利人在战场上找到了平衡。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">下半场</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">分钟时，上帝愤怒了……裁判发出的一道红色闪电又辟死了老实人波普。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这不是一场精彩的比赛。即便出现三张红牌和数张黄牌，也不能被称作是场有悬念的比赛。火爆的场面并未给人带来惊心动魄的感觉……未被判罚的意大利禁区内的手球和被黑哨吹出的美国人的入球，使它成为一场让人失望的意大利歼灭战……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">美利坚合众国万岁！</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">星条旗永不落……</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><chsdate w:st="on" year="2006" month="6" day="22" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US">6</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">月</span><span lang="EN-US">22</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，荷兰</span><span lang="EN-US">0:0</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">阿根廷</span> </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">（</span><span lang="EN-US">C</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">组第三轮）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">荷兰，废了。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">只有秃秃罗本缺席的荷兰，在面对只有中场比较完整的阿根廷时，除了犯规什么都做不了。。。上半场的三张黄牌全被他们收入囊中</span><span lang="EN-US">~</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">尽管首次启用了施奈德和范德法特的双攻击型中场，意图用进攻来压制阿根廷，但比赛的进程是荷兰人完全没有预料到的：反而使他们自己的球门被罗德里格斯、梅溪、托雷斯、坎比亚索和里克尔梅轮番狂轰滥炸。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">下半场，离奇的远射仍然是荷兰人最主要的进攻武器；而前场轻易丢球后的凶狠报复和后场三四个后卫被对方一两个前锋溜来溜去，也仍是荷兰的主要防守手段。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">那中场又是如何呢？</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这个问题很愚蠢！因为这支荷兰队就从没有过中场。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">整块场地是中被分成两块：一半上演阿根廷对荷兰的阵地攻防；另一半“安排”的则是荷兰对阿根廷的突袭。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">上下本厂双方交换场地的规定对于这样一场比赛来说，显得尤为重要</span><span lang="EN-US">~</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">否则荷兰半场的草坪肯定会秃很多。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">中场哨音吹响前，双方纷纷换下主力。最终，荷兰吞下了一场</span><span lang="EN-US">0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">：</span><span lang="EN-US">0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">的大败。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><chsdate w:st="on" year="2006" month="6" day="22" islunardate="False" isrocdate="False"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US">6</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">月</span><span lang="EN-US">22</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">日</span></b></chsdate><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，捷克</span><span lang="EN-US">0:2</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">意大利，加纳</span><span lang="EN-US">2:1</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">美国</span> </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">（</span><span lang="EN-US">E</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">组第三轮）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">期盼已久的比赛变成了两幕闹剧。。。原先以为会出现的惨烈场面刚一露头就从场上消失得无影无踪。。。四支球队似乎都已在第二轮消耗了太多能量。身心俱疲的美国人和捷克人的最后反抗都被命运轻易地击碎了。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">板凳更深的意大利人胡乱排出一个阵形就轻松地割断了捷克战士的喉咙：意大利队中最擅长改变比赛的人之一马特拉齐，在替补旧伤复发的内斯塔出场后不久就破门了。意大利的幸运，因为碰巧他这次选中的是对方大门</span><span lang="EN-US">~</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">捷克人在被卸掉盔甲十几分钟之后，又在意大利人卡莫拉内西的逼迫下捅了自己一刀——领到一张红牌。熟悉的意大利荒诞剧有条不紊地进行着。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">经受了两次重创的捷克人强忍着伤痛，苦苦支撑到下半场</span><span lang="EN-US">38</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">分钟谋杀犯英扎吉向他刺出最后致命一剑。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">一个战士就此倒下。。。意大利人坐在本方后场，吸干了捷克人的血后，以</span><span lang="EN-US">2:0</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">顺利晋级了。。。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">与捷克人相比，美国人的命被结束的要痛快得多</span><span lang="EN-US">~ </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">因体力不支而变成想的到却做不到的美国人毫无悬念地</span><span lang="EN-US">1:2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">输给了加纳新军。</span></p><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2854152.html">世界杯报道（再续）</a> 2006-07-17</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2748280.html">世界杯报道 2</a> 2006-07-03</div><div><a href="/logs/1722772.html">心理学概述13</a> 2005-12-19</div><div><a href="/logs/1722764.html">心理学概述11</a> 2005-12-19</div><div><a href="/logs/1650603.html">Victor Hugo</a> 2005-11-30</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Flaroutecatholique.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2748274.html&title=%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C%E6%9D%AF%E6%8A%A5%E9%81%93+1%0D">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2748274.html</link>
   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Mon, 03 Jul 2006 18:39:59 +0800</pubDate>
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  <item>
   <title>对中国近代史西方列强入侵的新反思</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.15pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Broadway BT'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Broadway BT'">对中国近代史西方列强入侵的新反思</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Broadway BT"; mso-fareast-font-family: 楷体_GB2312"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">18</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">世纪，来自西方的探险家们为远东这片寂静的土地带来了灾难。更强大的西方文明乘风破浪，朝向太阳升起的地方蜂拥而至。令他们着迷的不只是裹着金色外衣的神秘文明的遗产，更多的是，他们相信，在那位于东方的土地上，土壤可以自己生长出数不清的金币。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">中国人，虽没有成为西方国家的第一批牺牲品，但愚昧和盲目的自大遮住了他们的双眼。即使是作为每天最先向太阳祈福的宠儿之一，黑暗也还是毫不留情地夺走了他明亮的世界。历史进入<span lang="EN-US">19</span>世纪，<span lang="EN-US">1840</span>年，中国人终于跌倒了。而在黑暗中，坐在地上仰望天空，我们所看到的第一缕光亮却是西方人的炮弹划过空际所留下的痕迹；我们所看到的第一片白云却是鸦片再把毒素注入我们体内后，摇身一变形成的鬼雾。虽然这不是中国遭受到的第一次耻辱，但书写中国屈辱史的笔却是第一次被握在了西方人的手中。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">自<span lang="EN-US">1840</span>年<span lang="EN-US">6</span>月的第一次鸦片战争起，中国开始长达一个世纪的血泪史。前后<span lang="EN-US">6</span>次外国侵略战争把中国逼上了要么亡国要么用血来捍卫尊严的绝路。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">第一次鸦片战争持续了两年。英国军队以少胜多，迫使清政府签订了中国近代史上第一部丧权辱国的不平等条约——中英《南京条约》。<span lang="EN-US">2000</span>万银元的赔款；割让香港岛；开放五个通商口岸，以及侵害中国关税自主权的条款，在政治上，破坏了中国的独立和领土完整，在经济上，把中国拖入了资本主义市场关系中。中国从此沦为半殖民地半封建的国家。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">1843</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">年，中英又签署了两个附件条约——《虎门条约》和《五口通商章程》。即丧失了关税主权之后，中国又再次失去了司法主权。并且，英国还获得了对中国的片面最惠国待遇。英国的舰队也因此可以自由出入通商港口。这就进一步加强了外国对中国沿海地区的殖民控制，使沿海地区的殖民化程度加深。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">随后，旁观英国在中国获得巨大利益的其他帝国主义国家也相继入侵中国，想从这块大蛋糕中分得一块。中美《望厦条约》、中法《黄埔条约》便是这种妒忌心的产物。美国和法国因此也获得了与英国同样的片面最惠国待遇。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">英国没有就此满足。<span lang="EN-US">1856</span>年<span lang="EN-US">10</span>月，第二次鸦片战争爆发了。<span lang="EN-US">4</span>年后，英法联军攻陷了北京城，烧毁了万园之园圆明园。《天津条约》和《北京条约》不仅使中国丧失了更多的领土，还使得西方六强秦律的触角深入到中国内陆地区。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">此后，在<span lang="EN-US">1883</span>年至<span lang="EN-US">1885</span>年期间的中法战争中，中国军队虽获得了战场上的胜利，但仍然签订了不利于中国的《中法条约》。中国的西南门户就此被打开；法国也成为第一个在中国拥有修筑铁路权的列强国家。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">在西方帝国主义的入侵把中国侵蚀得满目疮痍的同时，一个脚踏太阳的东方新兴资本主义国家迅速崛起，并且很快也加入到侵略中国的争夺中来。<span lang="EN-US">1894</span>年，彻底改变中国人思想的甲午战争爆发了。战争持续的时间并不长，未到一年。日本作为一个东亚小国，同时又是中国的邻国，在几乎与中国相同的历史时期内遭受到西方帝国主义的侵害。但日本人更快地适应了新的生存环境。与中国人相比，他们更善于利用西方的先进技术来强壮自己，尤其是在军事方面。所以，再度那段的半个多世纪的优胜劣汰的竞赛中，日本获得了新生。而当其强大之后，日本人首先想到的便是，要从曾与自己有着共同命运的中国身上寻找可以回报自己在与命运的抗争中取得胜利的奖赏。战后的《马关条约》迫使中国把辽东半岛、台湾、澎湖列岛割让给了日本；赔款数额也是有史以来从未见到过的天文数字——<span lang="EN-US">2</span>亿两白银。日本几乎得到了西方列强在中国土地上享有的所有权利。而甲午战争和《马关条约》对中国深灰的影响还远不及于此：它不仅仅是又一场失败的战争、一部屈辱的不平等条约，在中国人更深层的精神领域，它还留下了最深的一道伤痕——中国被自己在亚洲的同胞兄弟，一个领土面积极小的岛国欺辱了……<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">19</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">世纪到<span lang="EN-US">20</span>世纪交替时期，西方列强掀起了瓜分中国的狂潮。<span lang="EN-US">11</span>个国家通过与中国共同签署的《辛丑条约》调解了他们内部的利益矛盾。《辛丑条约》还把中国对其的一部分赔款转变成分期支付，这方便西方国家更容易地长期控制中国自身的经济发展。从此，中国半殖民地半封建社会统治秩序完全确立起来。中国半殖民地半封建社会正式形成了。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">马克思曾说过：西方殖民者在亚洲要完成“双重使命”：“一个是破坏性的使命，即消灭旧的亚洲式的社会，另一个是建设性的使命，即在亚洲为西方式的社会奠定物质基础。”<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">具体地说，一方面，</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">殖民国家向中国倾销商品和掠夺原料，把中国卷入资本主义世界市场，造成了中国自然经济解体；传统的手工业破产，农业生产的商品化趋势得到加强，封建生产方式动摇。在政治上，<personname w:st="on" productid="封建">封建</personname>君主专制制度逐渐动摇和倾覆。在思想意识方面，自大、闭塞的传统观念被打破。另一方面，在经济上，西方的近代科学技术和资本主义生产关系进入中国。使中国出现了资本主义生产方式和资产阶级。在政治和思想上，西方的民主思想和近代社会政治理论的传播，在中国先后兴起了争取君主立宪的改良运动和争取共和制度的革命运动。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">我个人认为，对于中国，后者的作用可能更重要些。一个被外族统治了几百年，有着两千多年封建史的民族以几近丧失了朝气。“发展”一词也就不再属于这个民族了。而在闻到“新鲜空气”时，他们或感到新奇，或不安，甚至恐惧，但不论做何反应，他们当中都极少有人会深吸一口气，把“新空气”完全注入体内，冲洗自己的精神。我所指的那些“不彻底的人”是伴随着外国侵略，从中国人内部孕育而生的“想要改变的人”。从另一个角度说，这些“不安稳的人”也是外国列强入侵中国所造成的最大影响之一。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">两次鸦片战争期间，以李鸿章为代表的洋务派在于顽固派的对抗中取得了局部胜利。“中学为体，西学为用”和“师夷长技以自强”的呼喊声表现了出自中国政府内部的改革的愿望。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">19</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">世纪末，早期资产阶级维新派从洋务派中分离出来。他们试图把中国引上资产阶级改良的道路。<span lang="EN-US">1895</span>年，康有为领导的“公车上书”是维新变法思潮发展成为爱国救亡的政治运动。<span lang="EN-US">1898</span>年<span lang="EN-US">6</span>月，光绪帝颁布《定国是诏》，决定变法，史称戊戌变法。维新派进一步促进了资本主义在中国的发展。但戊戌变法最终还是以失败而告终。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">在经历了帝国主义瓜分中国的狂潮之后，<span lang="EN-US">20</span>世纪初，更激进的资产阶级革命派诞生了。原先的维新派则退化成为保皇派。以同盟会为首的华兴会、光复会、日知会纷纷在国外成立，以从事“驱除鞑虏，恢复中华”之业。由革命派领导的辛亥革命推翻了清朝统治，结束了两千多年的<personname w:st="on" productid="封建">封建</personname>君主专制整体。虽然有人评价说它未真正完成反封建的历史任务，更没有完成反帝国主义的任务，但我认为，推翻帝国主义殖民统治的任务本身就不是辛亥革命的发起者所能完成的。革命派是中国柔弱的资本主义羊水中的胚胎，它是无力与它的母体——强大的西方资本主义相抗争的。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">如果说外国列强为我们前两个世纪的中国人带来的是屈辱，那么对于今天的中国人，它更重要的意义在于，它时刻提醒着我们反思的重要性。文明的冲突的在所难免的，而我们自身的软弱才是毁灭我们自己的关键。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><p /></span></p><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2601018.html">TEMPLES AND COLUMNS</a> 2006-06-04</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2600983.html">古代文明的神庙与柱子</a> 2006-06-04</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2097535.html">我们能成为什么？</a> 2006-03-20</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1717383.html">我的文科理科之感</a> 2005-12-18</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1672131.html">继续，资本主义</a> 2005-12-06</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Flaroutecatholique.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2601080.html&title=%E5%AF%B9%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%B9%E5%88%97%E5%BC%BA%E5%85%A5%E4%BE%B5%E7%9A%84%E6%96%B0%E5%8F%8D%E6%80%9D">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2601080.html</link>
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   <pubDate>Sun, 04 Jun 2006 18:12:02 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>TEMPLES AND COLUMNS</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<p class="MsoTitle" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><strong><font face="宋体" size="6">Abstract</font></strong></span></p><p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">The word architecture goes back through Latin to the Greek for “master builder”. The ancients nor only invented the word, they gave it its clearest and most comprehensive definition. According to Vitruvius – the Roman writer whose <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Ten Books on Architecture </i>is the only surviving ancient architectural treatise – architecture is the union of “firmness, commodity, and delight”; it is , in other words, a structural, practical, and visual art. Without solidity, it is dangerous; without usefulness, it is merely large-scale sculpture; and without beauty, it is not more than utilitarian construction.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Architecture commands our attention throughout history only as a visual art for only the monumental forms of buildings constantly evolve with changing times and conditions, and in response to the powers of artistic volition and the needs of society. A great building is not a finite entity like a painting or sculpture – historically serving mostly to decorate architecture – but it is almost a living being of protean character. It is capable of affecting us aesthetically as no other work of art: it takes us in, surrounds us, shapes our lives, and protects us; it looms over us, changes with the hours, the weather, and the seasons; it may dominate the landscape. Because of its size and complexity, a building can accommodate the ambitions of the individual artist in an unparalleled fashion; because of its material basis, its cost, its importance in our lives, its high visibility, it captures as no other form the spirit of its times.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Some periods were structurally innovative – Roman, Gothic, the nineteenth century – while others of equal intrinsic importance, such as Greek and Renaissance, tended to accept inherited structural methods with comparatively little advancement.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">This thesis comprises four periods before Christian: Persia of Mesopotamia, Egypt, <place w:st="on"><country-region w:st="on">Greece</country-region></place> and Roman, who left us a large number of monumental architectures. These great buildings are considered as the visual art that is the most sensitive, powerful touchstone of the cultural. Meanwhile, they also present the special characters of culture of themselves. After the introduction of the historical background, the thesis gives one or two examples for explicating the situation of architecture in one whole period, including: Hall of 100 Columns of Persia, Hypostyle Hall of Egypt, Hera I of <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Greece</place></country-region>, Pantheon of Rome, etc.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoTitle" style="TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">What the thesis emphasizes are the templelike buildings which show great insight into the religion, even the history. The columns, as the structural and practical construction, express the style of the temples and the human knowledge of the beauty.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">Key words</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"">：</span></b><country-region w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Persia</span></country-region><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">, <country-region w:st="on">Egypt</country-region>, <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Greece</place></country-region>, Roman, monumental architectures, temples, columns.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><h3 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 0" align="center"><font size="5"><place w:st="on"><city w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US">TEMPLES</span></city></place><span lang="EN-US"> AND COLUMNS</span></font></h3><h2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">COLUMN AND COLONNADE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><p /></span></h2><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">A column is a cylindrical, upright pillar that has three sections: a base, a shaft, and a top, called a capital. Most columns are freestanding and are used to support weight, usually a roof. When used decoratively and attached to a wall, a column is referred to as an engaged column or attached column.</span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">A colonnade is a row of columns supporting a horizontal member. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><shapetype id="_x0000_t75" stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><stroke joinstyle="miter" /><formulas><f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0" /><f eqn="sum @0 1 0" /><f eqn="sum 0 0 @1" /><f eqn="prod @2 1 2" /><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth" /><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight" /><f eqn="sum @0 0 1" /><f eqn="prod @6 1 2" /><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth" /><f eqn="sum @8 21600 0" /><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight" /><f eqn="sum @10 21600 0" /></formulas><path o:connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" o:extrusionok="f" /><lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit" /></shapetype><shape id="_x0000_s1036" style="MARGIN-TOP: 1.35pt; Z-INDEX: 11; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 27pt; WIDTH: 425.25pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 179.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata o:title="IMG_0026" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\zhxp\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image001.jpg" /><wrap type="square" /></shape></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><h2 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><place w:st="on"><country-region w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">PERSIA</span></country-region></place><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><p /></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><shape id="_x0000_s1037" style="MARGIN-TOP: 6.25pt; Z-INDEX: 12; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 0.3pt; WIDTH: 233.85pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 311.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata o:title="IMG_0024" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\zhxp\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image003.jpg" /><wrap type="square" /></shape><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>In the sixth century </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">BCE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">, the Persians, a formerly nomadic, Indo-European-speaking people related to the Medes, began to seize power. From the region of Parsis(modern Fars), southeast of <city w:st="on">Susa</city>, they eventually overwhelmed <place w:st="on">Mesopotamia</place> and the rest of the ancient Near East and established a vast empire. The rulers of this new empire their ancestry to a semilegendary Iranian King named Achaemenes and are known as the Achaemenids. Their dramatic expansion began in 559 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">BCE<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">with the ascension of a remarkable leader, Cyrus II (called the Great, ruled 559-530 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">BCE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">). By the time of his death the Persian Empire included Babylonia; the land of the Medes, which stretchde across northern <country-region w:st="on">Iran</country-region> through Anatolia; and some of the <place w:st="on">Aegean</place> islands far to the west. Cyrus’s son Cambyses II (ruled 529-522 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">BCE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">) added <country-region w:st="on">Egypt</country-region> and <country-region w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Cyprus</place></country-region>. When Darius I (ruled 521-486 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">BCE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">), the son of a government offiaial, took the throne, he proclaimed: “I am Darius, great King, King of countries, king of this earth.” Darius and his successors went on to rule for nearly two centuries, expanding the Achaemenid Empire to both east and west.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Darius, like many powerful rulers, created monuments to serve as visible symbols of his authority. He made <city w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Susa</place></city> his first capital and commissioned a 32-acre administrative compound to be built there. In about 518 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">BCE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">, he began construction of Parsa, a new capital in the Persian homeland in the Zagros highlands. Today this city, known as <city w:st="on">Persepolis</city>, the name the Greeks gave it, is one of the best-preserved ancient sites in the <place w:st="on">Near East</place>. Darius imported materials, workers, and artists from all over his empire for his building projects. He even ordered work to be executed in <place w:st="on"><country-region w:st="on">Egypt</country-region></place> and transported to his capital. The result was a new style of art that combined many different cultural </span><shape id="_x0000_s1026" style="MARGIN-TOP: 132.6pt; Z-INDEX: 1; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 495pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 234pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-vertical-relative: text" o:preferrelative="f" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata o:title="IMG_0007" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\zhxp\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image005.jpg" /><wrap type="square" /></shape><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">traditions, including Persian, Mede, Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Greek. This artistic integration was simply a side effect of Darius’s political strategy.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>In Assyrian fashion, the imperial complex at <place w:st="on"><city w:st="on">Persepolis</city></place> was set on a raised platform and laid out on a rectangular grid, or system of crossed lines. The platform was 40 feet high and measured 1,500 by 900 feet. It was accessible only from a single ramp made of wide, shallow steps to allow equestrians to ride up rather than dismount and climb on foot. Construction was spread out over nearly sixty years, and Darius lived to see the erection of only a treasury, the Apadana (audience hall), and a very rest of the complex on a second terrace, had open porches on three sides and a square hall large enough to hold several thousand people. Darius’s son Xerxes I (ruled 485-465 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">BCE </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">) added a sprawling palace complex for himself, enlarged the treasury building, and began a vast new public reception space, the Hall of 100 Columns, with its own guard gate. Most of the remaining work was done under Xerxes’heir, Artaxerxes I (ruled 464-425 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">BCE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> ).<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The multicultura composition of imperial <country-region w:st="on">Persia</country-region> is evident in the varied appearance of the many hundreds of columns found in <place w:st="on"><city w:st="on">Persepolis</city></place>. Although they were all executed with a distinctly Persian flavor, the columns reflect design ideas from Mede, Egyptian, and possibly Greek sources. They stood atop bell-shaped bases (foundations) decorated with leaves. Their shafts, or vertical supports, were carved with evenly spaced vertical channels called fluting, which exaggerated their height and gave them a feeling of delicate refinement. The capitals, the top section of the columns on which ceiling beams rested, were lavishly decorated with a combination of palm fronds, papyrus flowers, other plant forms, double vertical scrolls, and the heads and forequarters of kneeling creatures placed back to back. Traces of pigment revel that the <city w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Persepolis</place></city> structures were originally richly painted in red, green, yellow, and blue. Large relief panels from <city w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Persepolis</place></city> also show influences from Mesopotamian, Egyptian, and Greek cultures. In those panels, the garments that reveal the body beneath and have fine, knife-edged pleats especially reflect Greek sources and may indeed have been done by Greek sculptors.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Like some Assyrian palace reliefs, those at <place w:st="on"><city w:st="on">Persepolis</city></place> were concerned with displays of allegiance and economic prosperity rather than with heroic exploits. In one relief Darius holds an audience while his son and heir, Xerxes, listens from behind the throne. Such panes would have looked quite different when they were freshly painted in rich tones of deep blue, scarlet, green, purple, and turquoise, with metal objects such as Darius’s crown and necklace covered in gold leaf, or sheets of hannered gold.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><shape id="_x0000_s1027" style="MARGIN-TOP: 31.2pt; Z-INDEX: 2; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 495pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 218.4pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata o:title="IMG_0009" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\zhxp\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image007.jpg" /><wrap type="square" /></shape><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><p> </p></span></p><h4 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><place w:st="on"><country-region w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="5">EGYPT</font></span></country-region></place></h4><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">At the height of the New Kingdom, rulers undertook extensive building programs along the entire lenth of the <place w:st="on">Nile</place>. Their palaces, forts, and administrative centers disappeared long ago, but remnants of temples and tombs of this great age have endured. Even in their ruined state, they grandly attest to the expanded powers and political triumphs of their builders, Early in this period the priests of the god Amun in<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><city w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">Thebes</span></city><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">, <country-region w:st="on">Egypt</country-region>’s capital city through most of the <place w:st="on">New Kingdom</place>, had gained such dominance that worship of the Theban triad of deities-Amun, his wife Mut, and their son Khonsu-had spread thoughout the country. <city w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Temples</place></city> to there and other gods were a major focus of royal art patronage, as were tombs and temples erected to glorify the Kings themselves.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><shape id="_x0000_s1028" style="MARGIN-TOP: 7.95pt; Z-INDEX: 3; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 230.15pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 312pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata o:title="IMG_0011" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\zhxp\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image009.jpg" /><wrap type="square" /></shape><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span><city w:st="on">Temples</city> to the Gods at Karnak and <place w:st="on"><city w:st="on">Luxor</city></place>. Two temple districts consecrated primarily to the worship of Amum, Mut, and Khonsu arose near <city w:st="on">Thebes</city>, one at Karnak to the north and the other at <city w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Luxor</place></city> to the south. Little of the earliest construction at Karnak survives, but the remains of <place w:st="on">New Kingdom</place> additions to the Great Temple of Amun still dominate the landscape. Access to the heart of the temple, a sanctuary containing the statue of Amun, was through a principal courtyard, a hypostyle hall-a vast hall filled with columns-and a number of smaller halls and courts. Massive gateways, called pylons, set off each of these separate elements. The greater part of Pylons II through VI and the areas behind them were renovated or newly built and embellished with colorful wall reliefs between the reigns of Tuthmose I (Dynasty 18, ruled c.1506-1493 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">BCE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">) and Ramesses II (Dynasty 19, ruled c. 1279-1212 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">BCE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">). A sacred lake to the south of the temple, where the king and priests might undergo ritual purification before entering the temple, was also added in this period. Behind the sanctuary of Amun, Tuthmose III erected a court and festival temple to his own glory. Amenhotep III(Dynasty 18, ruled 1390-1352 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">BCE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">) laterplaced a large stone statue of Khepri, the scarab beetle symbolic of the rising sun and everlasting life, next to the sacred lake.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="BORDER-RIGHT: black 1pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: black 1pt; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; FONT-SIZE: 0pt; BACKGROUND: black; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: black 1pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: line; COLOR: black; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: black 1pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-border-alt: none black 0cm; mso-font-width: 0%; mso-ansi-language: X-NONE; mso-fareast-language: X-NONE; mso-bidi-language: X-NONE">&nbsp;</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Religious worship in ancient <place w:st="on"><country-region w:st="on">Egypt</country-region></place> was not a matter of daily or weekly rituals performed in the presence of a congregation of laypeople. Only kings and priests were allowed to enter the sanctuary of Amun for the required devotions, in cluding washing the god’s statue every moyning and clothing it in a new garment, as well as providing it with tempting meals twice a day. The god was thought to derive nourishment from the spirit of the food, which the priests then removed and ate themselves. Ordinary people were rarely permitted beyond the forecourts of the hypostyle halls, where they found themselves surrounded by inscriptions and images of kings and the god on columns and walls. During religious festivals, however, they lined the routes along which the statues of the gods were carried in ceremonial barks, or symbolic boats. At such times they even submit petitions to the priests that they wished the gods to answer.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><shape id="_x0000_s1038" style="MARGIN-TOP: 2.55pt; Z-INDEX: 13; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 0.3pt; WIDTH: 283.5pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 213pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata o:title="IMG_0013" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\zhxp\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image011.jpg" /><wrap type="square" /></shape><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Between Pylons II and III at Karnak stands the enormous hypostyle hall erected in the reigns of the Dynasty 19 rulers Sety I (ruled 1294-1279 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">BCE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">) and his son Ramesses II (ruled c. 1279-1212 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">BCE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">). Called the “<city w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Temple</place></city> of the Spirit of Sety, Beloved of Path in the House of Amun,” it was perhaps used for royal coronation ceremonies. Ramesses II referred to it in more mundane terms as “the place where the common people sxtol the name of his majesty.” The hall was 340 feet side and 170feet long. Its 134 closely spaced columns supported a stepped, flat stone roof, the center section of which rose some 30feet higher than rest. The columns supporting this higher part of the roof are 66feet tall and 12 feet in diameter, with massive lotus flower capitals. The smaller columns on each side have lotus bud capitals that must have seemed to march off forever into the darkness.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><shape id="_x0000_s1039" style="MARGIN-TOP: 64.1pt; Z-INDEX: 14; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 0.3pt; WIDTH: 494.7pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 349.3pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata o:title="IMG_0025" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\zhxp\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image013.jpg" /><wrap type="square" /></shape><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>In each of the side walls of the higer center section there was a long row of window openings, creating what is know as a clerestory. These openings were filled with stone grillwork, so they cannot have provided much light, but they did permit a cooling flow of air though the hall. Despite the dimness of the columns, walls, and cross-beams with reliefs.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><h4 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><place w:st="on"><country-region w:st="on"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="5">GREECE</font></span></country-region></place></h4><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><shape id="_x0000_s1029" style="MARGIN-TOP: 7.8pt; Z-INDEX: 4; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 9pt; WIDTH: 477pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 392.65pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" type="#_x0000_t75"><font size="5"><imagedata o:title="IMG_0018" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\zhxp\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image015.jpg" /><wrap type="square" /></font></shape><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The simplest early temples consist of a single room, the cella or naos, with side walls incorporating pillars projecting forward to frame two columns in antis (literally, “between the pillars”). In a prostyle temple the columns form a portico, or walkway, only across the building’s front. An amphiprostyle temple has a row of columns (colonnade) at both the front and back ends of the structure, not on the sides. If the colonnade runs around all four sides of the building, forming a peristyle, the temple is peripteral; if the surrounding colonnade is two columns deep, the temple is dipteral.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">The three classical Greek architecural orders are the Doric, the Ionic, and the Corinthian. The Doric and Ionic orders were well developed by about 600 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">BCE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">. The Doric order is the oldest and plainest of the three orders. The Ionic order is named after Ionia, a region occupied by Greeks on the west coast of <place w:st="on">Anatolia</place> and the islands off the coast. The Corinthian order, a variation of the Ionic, begin to appear around 450 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">BCE </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">and was initally used by the Greeks in interiors. Later, the Romans appropriated the Corinthian order and elaborated it, as we shall see in Chapter 6.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The basic components of the Greek orders are the column and the entablature, which function as post and lintel. All types of columns have a shaft and a capital; some also have a base. Columns are formed of round sections, or drums, which are joined inside by metal pegs. InGreek <place w:st="on"><placetype w:st="on">temple</placetype> <placename w:st="on">architecyure</placename></place>, columns stand on the stylobate, the “floor” of the temple; the levels below the stylobate form the stereobate.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The Doric order shaft rises directly from the stylobate, without a base. The shaft is fluted but not as deeply as in the other orders. At the top of the shaft is the necking, which provides a transition to the capital. The Doric capital itself has two parts, the rounded echinus and the tabletlike abacus. As in the other orders, the entablature includes the architrave, the frieze, and the cornice, the topmost, projecting horizontal element.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The Ionic order has more elegant proportions than the Doric, its height being about nine times the diameter of the column at its base, as opposed to the Doric column’s five-and-a-half-to-one ratio. The flutes on the columns are deeper and closer together and are separated by flat surfaces, fillets. The hallmark of the Ionic capital, which has a thin, cushionlike abacus, is the distinctive scrolled volute.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><shape id="_x0000_s1030" style="MARGIN-TOP: 70.2pt; Z-INDEX: 5; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 9pt; WIDTH: 495pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 346.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata o:title="IMG_0017" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\zhxp\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image017.jpg" /><wrap type="square" /></shape><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The Corinthian order was originally developed by the Greeks for use in interious but came to be used on temple exteriors as well. Its elaborate capitals are sheathed with stylized acanthus leaves, and sometimes rosettes, and they often have scrolled elements at the corners and a boss, or projecting ornament, at the top center of each “side.”<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>As Greek temples grew steadily in size and complexity over the centuries, stone and marble replaced the earlier mud-brick and wood construction. <city w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Temple</place></city> builders evolved a number of standardized plans, ranging from simple one-and two-room structures with columned porchers to multiroomed structures with double porches surrounded by columns. They also experimented with the design of temple elevations-the arrangement, proportions, and appearance of the temple foundation, the columns, and the lintels. Two standardized elevation designs, the Doric order and the Ionic order, emerged during the Archaic period. The Corinthian order, a variant of the Ionic order, became so popular later that it too is treated today as a standard Greek order.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 12pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">The side of Paestum, a Greek colony established in the seventh century </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">BCE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> about fifty miles south of the modern city of Naples, Italy, contains some rare examples of early Greek temples.Although these temples reflect contemporary architectural developments on mainland Greece, they also bear the stamp of their particular colonial setting and are not typical of all Archaic Greek temples. The earliest standing temple there, built about 550 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">BCE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt">, was dedicated to Hera, the queen of the gods. It is known today as Hera I to distinguish it from a second temple to Hera built adjacent to it about a century later.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><shape id="_x0000_s1032" style="MARGIN-TOP: 187.2pt; Z-INDEX: 7; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: -9pt; WIDTH: 283.5pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 202.8pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata o:title="IMG_0015" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\zhxp\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image019.jpg" /><wrap type="square" /></shape><shape id="_x0000_s1031" style="MARGIN-TOP: 7.8pt; Z-INDEX: 6; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 495pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 181.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata o:title="IMG_0016" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\zhxp\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image021.jpg" /><wrap type="square" /></shape><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Hera I is a large, rectangular, stone post-and-lintel structure with a stepped foundation supporting a peristyle, a row of columns that surrounds all four sides.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The elevation design of Hera I was a local varation on the earliest major Greek order, the Doric. The standard form of the Doric order—incomplete on Hera I because of the damage it has suffered—includes fluted columns without bases resting directly on the stylobate.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Fragments of terra-cotta painted in bright colors have been found in the rubble of Hera I, suggesting that they adorned parts of the temple, possibly the metopes. No sculptural framents have survived. The Hera I builders created an especially robust column, only about four times as high as its maximum diameter, topped with a widely flaring capital. This design creates an impression of great stability and permanence. In a local innovation not part of the standard Doric order, Hera I has an uneven number of columns-nine-across the short ends of the peristyle, placing a column instead of a space at the center of the ends. The entrance to the pronaos also has a central column, and a row of columns runs down the center of the wide cella to help support the ceiling.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><h4 style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="5">ROMAN</font></span></h4><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Both Greek and Roman orders—columns with their entablatures—are know as classical orders. Each order is made up of a system of interdependent parts whose proportions are based on mathematical ratios. In Greek and Roman architecture, no element of an order could be changed without producing a corresponding change in the order elements. <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The Etrusans and Romans adapted Greek architectural orders to their own tastes and uses. For example, the Etruscans modified the Greek Doric order by adding a base to the column. The Romans created the Composite order by incorporating the volute motif of the Greek Ionic caoital with other forms from the Greek Corinthian order. The sturdy, unfluted Tuscan order, also a Roman development, derived from the Greek Doric order by way of Etruscan models. The two Roman orders are shown on pedestals, which consist of a plinth, a dado, and a cornice. <p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt">Arch</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"">，</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt">vault and dome<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The basic arch used in Western architecture is the round arch, and the most elemental type of vaulting is the extension of the round arch, called a barrel vault. The round arch and barrel vault were known and were put to limited use by Mesopotamians and Egyptians long before the Etruscans began their experiments with building elements. But it was the Romans who realized the potential strength and versatility of these architectural features and exploited them to the fullest degree.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The round arch displaces most of the weight, or downward thrust, of the masonry above it to its curving sides and transmits that weight to the supporting uprights (door or window jambs, columns, or piers), and from there to the ground.Arches may require added support, called buttressing, from adjacent masonry elements. Brick or cut-stone arches are formed by fitting together wedge-shaped pieces, called voussoirs, until they meet and are locked together at the top center by the final piece, called the keystone. Until the mortar dries, an arch is held in place by wooden scaffolding, called centering. The inside surface of the arch is called the intrados, the outside curve of the arch the extrados. The points from which the curves of the arch rise, called springings, are often reinforced by masonry imposts. In a succession of arches, calld an arcade, the space encompassed by each arch and its supports is called a bay.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>The barrel vault is constructed in the same manner as the round arch. The outside pressure exerted by the curving sides of the barrel vault usually requires buttressing within or outside the supporting walls. When two barrel-vaulted spaces intersect each other on the perpendicular, the result is a groin vault, or cross vault. The Romans used the groin vault to construct some of their grandest interior spaces, and they made the round arch the basis for their great freestanding triumphal arches.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>A third type of vaulted ceiling brought to technical perfection by the Romens is the hemispheric dome. The rim of the dome is supported on a circular wall, as in the Pantheon. This wall is called a drum.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt">Pantheon<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><shape id="_x0000_s1033" style="MARGIN-TOP: 7.8pt; Z-INDEX: 8; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 0px; WIDTH: 230.25pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 282.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata o:title="IMG_0021" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\zhxp\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image023.jpg" /><wrap type="square" /></shape><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>One of the most remarkable ancient buildings surviving in <place w:st="on"><city w:st="on">Rome</city></place> is a temple to the Olympian gods called the Pantheon (“all the gods”). It was built under the patronage of Emperor Hadrian between 125 and 128 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">CE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> on the site of a temple erected by Agrippa in 27-25</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 6.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt"> BCE</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"> but later destroyed. The approach to the temple gives little suggestion of what it must have looked like when it stood separate from any surrounding structures. Not is there any hint of what lies beyond the entrance porch, which was raised originally on a podium (now covered by centuries of dirt and street construction) and made to resemble the façade of a typical Roman temple. Behind this porch is a giant rotunda (a circular building) with 20-foot-think walls that rise nearly 75 feet. Supported on these is a huge, round, bowl-shaped dome, 143 feet in diameter and 143 feet from the floor at its summit. Standing at the center of this nearly spherical temple, the visitor feels isolated from the resl world and intensely aware of the shape and tangibility of the spaceitself rather than the solid surfaces of the architecture enclosing it. The eye is drawn upward over the circle patterns made by the sunken panels, or coffers, in the dome’s ceiling to the light. Clouds can be seen through this opening on clear days; rain falls through it on wet ones, then drains off as planned by the original engineer; and occasionally a bird flies through it. But the empty, luminous space also imparts a sense of apotheosis, a feeling that one could rise buoyantly upward to escape the spherical hollow of the building and commune with the gods.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><shape id="_x0000_s1040" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; Z-INDEX: 15; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 45pt; WIDTH: 396pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 293.85pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata o:title="IMG_0020" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\zhxp\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image025.jpg" /><wrap type="square" /></shape><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The simple shape of the Pantheon’s dome belies its sophisticated design and engineering. Its surface of marble veneer disguises the internal brick arches and concrete that support it. The walls, which from the strucyural drum that holds up the dome, are disguised by a wealth of architectural detail—columns, exedrae,pilasters, and entablatures—in two tiers. The square, boxlike coffers inside the dome, which help lighten the weight of the masonry, may once have contained gilded bronze rosettes or stars suggesting the heavens.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span>Hadrian was a great builder whose undertakings extended beyond public architecture to private dwellings. For his splendid villa at <city w:st="on">Tivoli</city> outside <city w:st="on">Rome</city>, he instructed his architects to re-create his favorite places throughout the empire: the Grove of Academe outside <city w:st="on">Athens</city> in which Plato had founded his academy; and various buildings in and near the Ptolemaic capital of <place w:st="on"><city w:st="on">Alexandria</city>, <country-region w:st="on">Egypt</country-region></place>. Hadrian’s Villa was not a single building but an architectural complex of many buildings, lakes, and gardens spread over half a square mile. Each section had its own inner logic, and each took advantage of natural land formations and attractive views. The individual buildings were not large, but they were extremely complex, providing ingenious examples of Roman planning and engineering. They surfaced structures with veneers of marble and travertine and with exquisite mosaics resembling paintings. And they landscaped with pools, fountains, and plants, turning the villa into a place of sensuous and sumptuous delight. An area with a long reflecting pool, celled the <city w:st="on">Canopus</city> after a site Hadrian had seen at that city on the Nile near <city w:st="on"><place w:st="on">Alexandria</place></city>, was framed by a fanciful colonnade with alternating semicircular and straight entablatures. The spaces between the columns were filled with copies of Greek statues.<p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><shape id="_x0000_s1035" style="MARGIN-TOP: 241.8pt; Z-INDEX: 10; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 99pt; WIDTH: 283.5pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 171.6pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata o:title="未标题-2" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\zhxp\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image027.jpg" /><wrap type="square" /></shape><shape id="_x0000_s1034" style="MARGIN-TOP: 0px; Z-INDEX: 9; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 27pt; WIDTH: 425.25pt; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 244.2pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left" type="#_x0000_t75"><imagedata o:title="IMG_0022" src="file:///C:\DOCUME~1\zhxp\LOCALS~1\Temp\msohtml1\01\clip_image029.jpg" /><wrap type="square" /></shape><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt"><p /></span></p><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2601080.html">对中国近代史西方列强入侵的新反思</a> 2006-06-04</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2600983.html">古代文明的神庙与柱子</a> 2006-06-04</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2097535.html">我们能成为什么？</a> 2006-03-20</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1717383.html">我的文科理科之感</a> 2005-12-18</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1672131.html">继续，资本主义</a> 2005-12-06</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Flaroutecatholique.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2601018.html&title=TEMPLES+AND+COLUMNS">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2601018.html</link>
   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Sun, 04 Jun 2006 17:52:17 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>古代文明的神庙与柱子</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">中文摘要<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 20.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">建筑学一词要追随到拉丁<span lang="EN-US">-</span>希腊时期的一个词“出色的建筑师”。我们的祖先们不仅发明了这个词，而且它们还给予它最清晰、最完备的定义。罗马作家<span lang="EN-US">Vitruvius</span>所作的《关于建筑学的是本书》是现存的唯一一部古代建筑学专题论文。根据他所说的，建筑学是“坚固、商品和愉悦”的综合体。换句话说，就是结构上的、实用主义上的和视觉上的艺术。若不坚固，它就很危险；若没有用处，它几乎就是一个大号的雕塑；若不具美感，它就是一个功利主义的建筑物而已。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 20.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">建筑学要求我们把它当作一种可是的艺术，从历史的角度来看待它。这种艺术通过随着时代和条件变化而变化的、不朽的建筑物的形式来表现自我。有时是出于艺术家们主观的强烈愿望，有时则是由于社会的需要。历史上，画或雕像更多地是被用来装饰建筑物的，一座伟大的建筑物则不是一个像它们那样的、有限的实体，而似乎是一种有生命和丰富性格的存在物。它能够在一些其它种类艺术所不能及的美学领域上影响我们：它让我们走近它，环绕我们，让我们感到舒适，保护我们；它赫然耸立在我们眼前，随着时间、天气和季节变化；它可以构成一幅风景画。建筑物的大规模和复杂性足够艺术家们以一种无与伦比的方式来施展他们的雄心；建筑物的物质基础、价格和对于我们生活的重要性，以及高度的视觉欣赏价值，使得它超过其它艺术形式，捕捉到一个时代的精神。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 20.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">本论文包含基督时代前的四种文明：美索不达米亚的波斯、埃及、希腊和罗马。它们留给我们许多不朽的建筑物。而这些伟大的建筑被认为是最有感染力、最雄伟的、文明的标准。同时，它们还表现了各自文化的特征。在对每个历史时期作了背景说明之后，本论文还分别列出了一或两个可以解释该时期的建筑学状况的实例。其中有波斯的百柱大殿、埃及的多柱大殿、希腊的赫拉神庙、罗马的万神庙等。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 20.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">本论文着重于介绍庙宇类建筑。因为它们不仅反映了一个时代的宗教，甚至还有历史本身。而作为结构上的和实用主义上的建筑结构——柱子，坐落于庙宇中，则表现了庙宇的风格和人类对美的理解。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 20.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 20.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 20.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 20.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 20.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 20.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 20.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 20.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 20.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">关键词：</span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">波斯、埃及、希腊、罗马、不朽的建筑、庙宇、柱子</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28.1pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">古代文明的神庙与柱子<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">柱子好似一个圆柱状的、垂直的支撑物。它由三部分组成：基座、柱身和柱首。大多数的柱子都是独立的，用于支撑重量，通常是房顶。当被用于做装饰，附在墙体上时，诸子就被称为“使用中的柱子”或“附体柱子”。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">波斯<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">公元前<span lang="EN-US">6</span>世纪，波斯人——属印—欧语系，原属米底（<span lang="EN-US">Medes</span>）王国一个分支的早期游牧民族——开始夺取统治权。从位于苏萨（<span lang="EN-US">Susa</span>）东南方的<span lang="EN-US">Parsa</span>地区开始，他们最终征服了美索不达米亚（<span lang="EN-US">Mesopotamia</span>）和古代近东的其它地区，并建立了一个庞大的帝国。这个新帝国的统治者们把名为阿契美民斯（<span lang="EN-US">Achaemenes</span>）的伊朗家族尊为自己的祖先。随着大规模的扩张，一个著名领袖的地位也随之上升。他就是居鲁士二世（<span lang="EN-US">Cyrus</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes">II</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">，公元前<span lang="EN-US">559 ~ 530</span>年在位）。到他逝世为止，波斯帝国几经包括巴比伦（<span lang="EN-US">Babylonia</span>）、米底王国（<span lang="EN-US">Medes</span>）从伊朗北方延伸至小亚细亚（<span lang="EN-US">Anatolia</span>）的广大土地，以及远离西方的<span lang="EN-US">Aegean</span>的一部分土地。居鲁士的儿子<span lang="EN-US">Cambyses</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes">II</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">（公元前<span lang="EN-US">529 ~ 522</span>年在位）又把埃及（<span lang="EN-US">Egypt</span>）和塞浦路斯（<span lang="EN-US">Cyprus</span>）纳入帝国的版图。当大流士一世（<span lang="EN-US">Darius I</span>，公元前<span lang="EN-US">521 ~ 486</span>年在位）——一个官员的儿子——获得统治权时，他宣布：“我是大流士，伟大的国王，国王中的国王，所有国家的王，世界的国王。”在大流士和他的继承者统治的近两个世纪期间，阿契美民斯家族的定国继续朝东西两个方向扩张。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">大流士，像许多具有巨大权力的统治者一样，以建造不朽的建筑物作为自己权力的、可见的象征。他把苏萨立为他的第一个首都，并在那里设立了一个<chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="英亩" sourcevalue="32" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">32</span>英亩</chmetcnv>的行政建筑。在大约公元前<span lang="EN-US">518</span>年，他又在波斯人的家乡<span lang="EN-US">Zagros</span>高原着手建造一个新首都——<span lang="EN-US">Parsa</span>。如今，这座城市被称为波斯波利斯（<span lang="EN-US">Persepolis</span>）——希腊人给他的名字。它是古代近东保存最完好的城市之一。大流士在整个帝国的范围内，四处引进原料、工人和艺术家，以实施他的计划。他甚至命令在埃及施工，然后再运到自己的首都来。由此导致的结果是，一种新形式的艺术诞生了。其中混杂着许多不同文化传统，包括波斯、米底、美索不达米亚、埃及和希腊的文化。这种艺术的混合是大流士政治策略的附带效果（或副效果）。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">在亚述人（<span lang="EN-US">Assyrian</span>）的<a href="http://www.fashion.net" target="_blank">时尚</a>中，位于波斯波利斯的王宫<span lang="EN-US">Imperial complex</span>被建在一个高台上。上面有矩形的栅格（或称“一个有相互交叉的直线组成的系统”）。高台有<chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="英尺" sourcevalue="40" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">40</span>英尺</chmetcnv>高，<chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="英尺" sourcevalue="1500" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">1500</span>英尺</chmetcnv>长，<chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="英尺" sourcevalue="900" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">900</span>英尺</chmetcnv>宽。只有通过一个宽而前的斜阶才能到达平台上。这是的骑马的人不得不下马，步行走上高台。工期持续了近<span lang="EN-US">60</span>年。大流士居住在那里。看着他的国库和“觐见大殿”（<span lang="EN-US">Apadana</span>），以及一个专为他自己建造的小宫殿拔地而起。觐见大殿建在比王宫的其它建筑都高的第二层平台上。大殿三层都由柱廊环抱，宽阔高大的殿内足以乘下几千人。大流士的儿子薛西斯一世（<span lang="EN-US">Xerxes I</span>，公元前<span lang="EN-US">485 ~ 465</span>年在位）也为自己建了一座宫殿，还扩建了国库，并开始建造一个新的、宽敞的会客空间——百柱大殿（<span lang="EN-US">Hall of 100 Colomns</span>）。大多数尚未完成的工作是在薛西斯的继任者阿塔尔薛西斯一世（<span lang="EN-US">Artaxerxes I</span>，公元前<span lang="EN-US">465 ~ 425</span>年在位）完成的。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">在波斯波利斯发现的、种类繁多的数百座柱子，表现了波斯文化中留有的多种文化痕迹。虽然这些柱子明显体现出了波斯人的喜好，但还是可以从中看出米底、埃及，甚至希腊的文化元素。这些柱子矗立在装饰着叶片的覆钟形状的基座（<span lang="EN-US">basis</span>）上。它们的柱身（<span lang="EN-US">shaft</span>，或称垂直支撑结构）雕刻着名为<span lang="EN-US">fluting</span>的垂直沟槽。这使得柱身看上去修长且细腻精致。柱子顶端部分的柱首支撑着殿顶的大梁。四周装饰着相互连接的手掌大的叶状体、纸草花形状的调式、一些其它植物形式的调式、两个垂直卷涡，以及一对背靠背跪着的公牛。原先波斯波利斯的建筑上涂满了红、绿、黄，以及蓝色的图案。大面积的浮雕装饰也显示出美索不达米亚、埃及和希腊文化的影响。这些浮雕刻画出身形比例不对等的图案。而精美的刀臂上的褶皱尤其表现出了希腊风格——也许就是由希腊工匠打造的。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">埃及<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">在新王朝的鼎盛时期，埃及的统治者开始在整条尼罗河的沿岸大兴土木。他们的宫殿、堡垒和行政中心很久以前就已经消失了，幸存下来的只有神庙的残垣断壁和这个伟大时代的坟墓。尽管它们的国家被摧毁了，但这些建筑仍然证明了巨大的权力和决定建造它们的人的政治地位。在这个时期，埃及首都底比斯的阿蒙神（<span lang="EN-US">Amun</span>）的祈祷者们创造了一种崇拜<span lang="EN-US">Thoban</span>（阿蒙神、他的妻子<span lang="EN-US">Mut</span>、儿子<span lang="EN-US">Khonsu</span>三位一体）的宗教，并赋予它绝对的精神统治权，推广到国家的每个角落。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">伫立在底比斯附近，用来向阿蒙神、<span lang="EN-US">Mut</span>和<span lang="EN-US">Khonsu</span>献祭的两座神庙，一个位于北面的卡纳克，另一个坐落于南方的卢克索。卡纳克幸存下来的早期建筑极少，而新王国的阿盟神庙的遗址仍然屹立在大地上。在通往神庙中心的路上，穿过环绕着一座阿盟神的寺院，是主要的庭院——多柱大殿（<span lang="EN-US">Hypostyle Hall</span>）和基座小一些的宫殿和庭院。宏伟的牌楼式大门（<span lang="EN-US">Pylons</span>）把这些建筑分隔开。从更大的第二道牌楼到第六道牌楼，以及在其身后的地区，在图特摩西斯一世（<span lang="EN-US">Tuthmose I</span>，第十八王朝，公元前<span lang="EN-US">1506 ~ 1493</span>年在位）至亚拉美西斯二世（<span lang="EN-US">Ramesses </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes">II</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">，第十九王朝，公元前<span lang="EN-US">1279 ~ 1212</span>年在位）统治期间，都被修复，并对其上面的浮雕进行了润色。位于神庙南侧的圣湖也是在这个时期增建的。它使步往神庙的法老和祭祀在进入神庙前得到净化。在阿蒙神的寺院后面，拉美西斯三世为自己建造了一座庭院和一座庆典用的庙宇。不久之后，阿蒙何太普三世（<span lang="EN-US">Amenhotep </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes">III</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">，第十八王朝，公元前<span lang="EN-US">1390 ~ 1352</span>年在位）在圣湖旁为<span lang="EN-US">Khepri</span>神建造了一座石制雕像，即一个悬垂的甲虫形雕像，象征着上升的太阳和永恒的生命。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">古代埃及的宗教崇拜没有每日或每周人们跪拜的宗教仪式。而是只有国王和祭祀才能进入阿蒙神的寺院，以表示他们的忠诚。所作的活动包括每天清晨清洗神像，为他穿戴好新外衣，并且，每两天替换一次献祭的食品。他们认为神会获取食品的灵气。然后祭祀们会把这些食物再拿走，自己吃掉。平民几乎不被允许越过多柱大殿的前院。在那里他们被铭文、国王的画像，以及柱子和墙上的神像包围在其中。即便是在宗教节日期间，他们也只能排成队在街上走。街两旁放置着用仪式树皮包裹着的神像，或者是一些象征性的神舟。就是这样，他们也许还要向祭祀们递交请愿书，以求的神谕。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">在第二和第三道牌楼之间耸立着庞大的多柱大殿。它又被称作“塞提的精神圣殿”。它也许是被用于皇家加冕仪式的场所。拉美西斯二世曾在平日的谈话中把它称为“一座人民大众赞颂他们的民主的宫殿”。大殿内堂<chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="英尺" sourcevalue="340" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">340</span>英尺</chmetcnv>宽，<chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="英尺" sourcevalue="170" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">170</span>英尺</chmetcnv>长，<span lang="EN-US">134</span>座紧密排列的柱子支撑着分阶、平坦的石制屋顶。屋顶的中间部分比其它部分高出约<chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="英尺" sourcevalue="30" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">30</span>英尺</chmetcnv>。支撑它的柱子高<chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="英尺" sourcevalue="66" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">66</span>英尺</chmetcnv>，直径达<chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="英尺" sourcevalue="12" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">12</span>英尺</chmetcnv>，驻守是巨大的莲花形状雕饰。两侧小一些的柱子以莲花蕾为柱首，象征着从此以后远离黑暗。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">屋顶中间高出来的那部分两侧的墙上都开了一行侧窗。这些窗户都是用石头围成的空格子，所以没有很强采光能力，但可以引入清凉的空气。尽管殿内光线很暗，但工匠们还是必须在柱子、墙壁上<chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="英尺" sourcevalue="1" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="3" tcsc="1">一英尺</chmetcnv><chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="英尺" sourcevalue="1" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="3" tcsc="1">一英尺</chmetcnv>地刻上浮雕。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">希腊<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">三种古希腊诸式分别为：多立克式（<span lang="EN-US">Doric</span>）、爱奥尼亚式（<span lang="EN-US">Ionic</span>）和科林斯式（<span lang="EN-US">Corinthian</span>）。大约公元前<span lang="EN-US">600</span>年，多立克式和爱奥尼亚式开始盛行。其中多立克是在三种柱式当中最古老，传播最广。多立刻柱式的领子源于希腊人控制的一个地区——小亚细亚西海岸以及附近群岛——的名字爱奥尼亚（<span lang="EN-US">Ionia</span>）。科林斯式是以爱奥尼亚式演化而来的，出现于公元前<span lang="EN-US">450</span>年前后。希腊人只在自己本国内建造这种柱式。后来，罗马人借鉴科林斯式，并进一步精心建筑。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">希腊柱式（<span lang="EN-US">order</span>）的基本组成部分包括柱子和柱顶（<span lang="EN-US">entablature</span>）。后者的作用相当于梁。所有种类的柱子都有柱身和柱首；有些还有基座。每座柱子都是由圆柱状或鼓形圆桶状的石块垒成，中间靠金属钉固定。在希腊神庙建筑中，柱子被建在<span lang="EN-US">stylobate</span>上——神庙的“地板”；<span lang="EN-US">stylobate</span>的下面是<span lang="EN-US">sterebate</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">多立克柱式的柱身直接连接<span lang="EN-US">stylobate</span>，没有基座。柱身的凹槽不像其它种类的柱子那样深。柱身的顶端是<span lang="EN-US">necking</span>，以过渡到柱首。多立克柱式的柱首本身分为两部分：圆形的<span lang="EN-US">echinns</span>和像桌子般的<span lang="EN-US">abacus</span>，与其他种类柱式一样，<span lang="EN-US">entablature</span>包括石梁（<span lang="EN-US">achitrave</span>）、三陇板（<span lang="EN-US">metope</span>）和陇间壁（<span lang="EN-US">triglyph</span>），以及最顶端的山花部分（<span lang="EN-US">Cornice</span>）。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">爱奥尼亚柱式的比例比多利克柱式得更精细。柱子的高度是基座直径的九倍，区别于多立克式<span lang="EN-US">5(1/2) : 1</span>的比例。柱身凹槽更深，且挨得更紧密，表面平坦光滑。爱奥尼亚式的柱首有一层薄薄的、像垫子般的<span lang="EN-US">abacus</span>，与众不同地雕刻着卷曲的螺旋形雕饰。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">科林斯起初也是希腊人专在国内建造的一种柱式，而后又被应用于国外的庙宇中。它的柱首外层是叶子形。有时是玫瑰形的<span lang="EN-US">acanthus</span>。还经常在脚上雕刻上卷曲的和凸起的样式。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><p> </p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">几个世纪以来，希腊神庙规模和复杂性都稳定发展。岩石和大理石代替了早期的泥块和木质结构。神庙的建筑者按照标准化的图纸，从建造有立有柱子的门廊的简单的一室和几室结构，逐渐演化为双多柱门廊的多室结构。他们还在神庙的设计上进行了许多新的、更高等级的实验，包括排列、比例、庙宇的地基、柱子和过梁。两种高等的设计——多立克柱式和爱奥尼克柱式——在古典时代出现。后来，由爱奥尼克柱式演化出来的科林斯柱式开始流行。直至今天也被认为是典型的希腊柱式。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">帕埃斯图母的遗址——公元前<span lang="EN-US">7</span>世纪，位于现代意大利那不勒斯（<span lang="EN-US">Naples</span>）男<chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="英里" sourcevalue="50" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">50</span>英里</chmetcnv>——包括一些少见的早期希腊庙宇的范例。虽然这些神庙反映了当时希腊本土建筑学的发展，但它们影响了希腊殖民地自身建筑的发展，并且，它们也不能被看作是古典希腊时期的典型代表。这里最早的神庙建于公元前<span lang="EN-US">550</span>年，是献给众神王后赫拉（<span lang="EN-US">Hera</span>）的。今天我们通常把它称为<span lang="EN-US">Hera I</span>，以区别大约在此一个世纪后，邻近的第二座献给赫拉的神庙。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">Hera I</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">是一座面积巨大的、矩形的石质梁—柱式建筑。分层的地基，一列柱廊四面环绕。<span lang="EN-US">Hera I</span>的设计是最早的希腊柱式——多立克式的一个本土演化。由于战争的破坏，<span lang="EN-US">Hera I</span>只有一部分幸存下来。残存的这部分包括没有基座、直接矗立在地基上的柱子。在<span lang="EN-US">Hera I</span>的废墟中，人们找到了涂满鲜艳色彩的粘土瓦砾的碎片。这可能是希腊人装饰神庙的，也可能是装饰陇间壁的。没有塑像的碎片幸存下来。<span lang="EN-US">Hera I</span>的建造者创造了一种粗壮的柱子，它的高度仅仅是最大直径的四倍，柱首瑰丽。这种设计表现了一个伟大的稳定性和永恒性。<span lang="EN-US">Hera I</span>没有完全符合多立克柱式的标准，而有一些创新。柱廊后侧的柱子数目是奇数——<span lang="EN-US">9</span>座。厅堂的入口也有主柱（<span lang="EN-US">central column</span>），还有一列柱子位于宽阔的内堂，以支撑房顶。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">罗马<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">   </span></span></b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">希腊和罗马的柱式有着彼此不同的定式。每种定式都各自有其一套独立的比例。每种定式中的每个元素都不可能单独发生变化。罗马柱式在承袭了希腊建筑柱式的同时，又融入了他们自己的品味，创造了自己的用途。例如，埃特鲁斯坎人（<span lang="EN-US">Etruscan</span>）为希腊多立克柱式增加了基座。罗马人把希腊爱奥尼克柱式的涡卷形花雕和希腊科林斯柱式中的一些形式一同增加到自己的混合型柱式（<span lang="EN-US">Composite Order</span>）中。源于希腊多立克柱式没有凹槽的塔斯干柱式（<span lang="EN-US">Tuscan Order</span>）也是罗马人的发明。两种罗马柱式的基座都包含<span lang="EN-US">plinth</span>，<span lang="EN-US">dado</span>和<span lang="EN-US">cornice</span>。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">  </span><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">拱门（<span lang="EN-US">Arch</span>）、拱顶（<span lang="EN-US">Vault</span>）和穹顶（<span lang="EN-US">Dome</span>）<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">西方建筑中的最基础的拱门是圆形拱门；最基本的拱形圆顶是圆形拱门的延伸，即桶形拱顶。在埃特鲁斯坎人刚开始进行简单的建造实验很久以前，美索不达米亚人和埃及人就已经有限制地使用圆形拱门了。但是，的确是罗马人意识到了这种建筑形式的潜能和多功能性，并把它发展到完美的程度。圆形拱门分散了为拱门雕刻边框的石匠的大部分重量或向下的压力，并把重量转移到垂直支撑结构（门、窗、旁柱、桥柱）上，然后再转移到地上。拱门需要更多的支撑结构——扶壁（<span lang="EN-US">buttressing</span>）。石块或经过切割过的石头拱门是由楔形式块组成的，直至它们被紧密地联系在一起。最上面、也是最中间的一块，最后放到拱门结构中——<span lang="EN-US">Keystone</span>。名为<span lang="EN-US">centering</span>的木制脚手架直到灰泥干了才被撤掉。拱门内部的表面叫做<span lang="EN-US">intrados</span>，外侧的曲面叫做<span lang="EN-US">estrados</span>。拱门拱型结构的起始点叫做<span lang="EN-US">springings</span>，通常有石制的<span lang="EN-US">imposts</span>加固。一连串的拱门叫做拱廊（<span lang="EN-US">arcade</span>）。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">桶形拱门与圆形拱门的样式相同。由桶形拱门弯曲的边施加的压力通常需要在拱门内增加扶壁来支撑墙面。两个桶形拱门彼此垂直相交，组成棱拱（<span lang="EN-US">groin vault</span>）或交叉拱结构（<span lang="EN-US">cross vault</span>）。罗马人用棱拱来建构他们部分的大型内室空间，而把圆形拱门当作独立的凯旋式拱门的基础。使罗马人建造拱形房顶的技术达到完美的第三种拱门是半球形的拱顶（<span lang="EN-US">dome</span>）。拱顶的边框支撑在一个圆形的墙壁上，就像万神庙。这种墙壁叫做鼓形圆桶结构（<span lang="EN-US">drum</span>）。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">万神庙<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">罗马幸存下来的古典建筑中最著名的一座是献给奥林匹斯众神的万神庙（<span lang="EN-US">Pantheon</span>）。它在皇帝<span lang="EN-US">Hadrian</span>的统治期间（公元前<span lang="EN-US">27 ~ 25</span>年），由阿格里帕（<span lang="EN-US">Agrippa</span>）指挥，从一座神庙的遗址上拔地而起。但不久就又被毁坏了。如果把万神庙从周围的建筑中挑出来单独看，再靠近这座神庙也无法看出这到底是一座什么样的建筑。同时，也很难看出位于进门走廊前的建筑是什么。只知过于它曾建在一面墩强（<span lang="EN-US">podium</span>）上（如今北伐盖在后来几个世纪的尘埃和街道下），并被建造得像一座典型罗马神庙正面的样子。在门廊的后面是一座巨大的圆形大厅。墙壁<chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="英尺" sourcevalue="20" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">20</span>英尺</chmetcnv>厚，接近<chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="英尺" sourcevalue="75" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">75</span>英尺</chmetcnv>高。这些墙壁支撑着一座巨大的、圆形的碗状穹顶，直径<chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="英尺" sourcevalue="143" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">143</span>英尺</chmetcnv>，从顶点到与其相对的地板垂直距离为<chmetcnv w:st="on" unitname="英尺" sourcevalue="143" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" tcsc="0"><span lang="EN-US">143</span>英尺</chmetcnv>，站在这座接近球形的神庙大厅中央，来访者会感觉与真实的世界隔离开来。他对形状和空间本身的触知性意识远远超越了围绕着他的生硬的立体面。凹陷的方格（或称天窗<span lang="EN-US">coffers</span>）环绕穹顶天花板一周。天气晴朗的时候，可以看见云朵飘过这些天窗；下雨时，雨水可顺着它们排掉。这是原先建筑师的设计；偶尔，还可看见一只鸟飞进来。空旷、幽亮的空间赋予它一种神秘的气息，使人感觉身体向上飘浮，远离建筑的球形空洞，与众神说话。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">万神庙简单的风格掩饰了它设计和施工的复杂性。表面的大理石薄板掩饰了内部的砖块拱顶和用来支撑它的混凝土浇筑结构。支撑穹顶的墙隐秘在大量精美建筑工艺品的后面。包括柱子、<span lang="EN-US">exedrae</span>、附壁柱和<span lang="EN-US">entablatures</span>。穹顶内像盒子一样的方形结构可以帮助减轻石料的重量。也许曾经还镶嵌有镀金的铜质玫瑰形或星星形状工的饰物，以构造一个人间天堂。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">Hadrian</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">是一位伟大的建筑师。他的功绩从公共建筑一直扩展到私人住所领域。在罗马郊区<span lang="EN-US">Tivoli</span>，他建造了辉煌的别墅。他知道自己的建筑师学生重新建造他最钟爱的、贯穿整个帝国的一座又一座建筑，其中有雅典城大学城（<span lang="EN-US">Grove of Academe</span>，柏拉图就在此成立了自己的学园）和埃及亚历山大城托勒密式首都市内和市郊种类繁多的建筑。<span lang="EN-US">Hadrian</span>的别墅不是一个单独的建筑，而是一个由许多建筑、湖泊和方圆半英亩的花园组成的复杂建筑群。每个部分都有它自己的逻辑，都依据自然地势，具有极其吸引人的外观。每座建筑面积都不是很大，但都非常复杂，堪称罗马设计和施工的创造性的典范。别墅的建筑师在各种结构表面镶上大理石薄板，上面还镶着类似图画的图案。它们刻上了水池、喷泉和植物，把别墅变成了一个具有美感、奢华的地方。坐落在尼罗河上，挨着亚历山大城，在<span lang="EN-US">Hadrian</span>遗址后面有一个长条的水池。它的周围环绕着一个稀奇的、半圆形和直线交替的柱廊。柱子与柱子之间摆放着希腊雕塑的复制品。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体"><p> </p></span></b></p><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2601080.html">对中国近代史西方列强入侵的新反思</a> 2006-06-04</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2601018.html">TEMPLES AND COLUMNS</a> 2006-06-04</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2097535.html">我们能成为什么？</a> 2006-03-20</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1717383.html">我的文科理科之感</a> 2005-12-18</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1672131.html">继续，资本主义</a> 2005-12-06</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Flaroutecatholique.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2600983.html&title=%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%A3%E6%96%87%E6%98%8E%E7%9A%84%E7%A5%9E%E5%BA%99%E4%B8%8E%E6%9F%B1%E5%AD%90">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2600983.html</link>
   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Sun, 04 Jun 2006 17:42:06 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>MING YUAN art class for advanced studies</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">MING YUAN art class for advanced studies</span></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Advanced studies of art;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Lessons given at week-ends;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Sign up for admission begin from ________ to ________;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Open to all foreign friends, especially the foreigners working or studying in <country-region w:st="on" /><place w:st="on" />China</place /></country-region /> who love the Chinese traditional art culture;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"></span><p /><table class="MsoTableGrid" style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-COLLAPSE: collapse; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"><tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 68.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="91"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Instructors</span></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 357.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="477"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">invited from the Central art <placetype w:st="on" />institute</placetype /> of <placename w:st="on" />China</placename />, the Association of Chinese artists and the professional artists holding the post of the best art institutes in <place w:st="on" /><country-region w:st="on" />China</country-region /></place />.</span></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 68.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="91"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Contents of 2 classes</span></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 357.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="477"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">include lessons of Chinese handwriting, Chinese landscape and flower painting, at week-ends for students of different standards.</span></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 68.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="91"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Lessons</span></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 357.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="477"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">will be given on Saturday or Sunday, from 1:30 to 4:30 (3 hours), with the same contents.</span></p></td></tr><tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes"><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 68.4pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="91"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Tuition fees</span></p></td><td style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 357.7pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" valign="top" width="477"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">80 Yuan / hour paid by season.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">The teaching materials and painting tools will be free of charge.</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"></span><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">Application methods:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US">You may </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ">①</span><span lang="EN-US"> click <u>www. 1part.com.cn</u> for appreciation of your instructors;<u></u></span></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 57.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -57.75pt; mso-char-indent-count: -5.5"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">        </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ">②</span><span lang="EN-US"> send your personnel message to <a href="mailto:my1120art@126.com">my1120art@126.com</a>; (You will get a reply in 2 days)</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">        </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ">③</span><span lang="EN-US"> call <chmetcnv w:st="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="True" sourcevalue="13910739421" unitname="in" />13910739421 in</chmetcnv /> Chinese.</span></p></p><p> </p></p><p> </p><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1962249.html">NO，NO，不要法国的~</a> 2006-02-22</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1888615.html">夜晚，北京，格里弗之殷红游记</a> 2006-02-05</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1852699.html">和我的情人们</a> 2006-01-23</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1687193.html">mes journées</a> 2005-12-10</div><div><a href="/logs/1570857.html">论西方哲学中对“个别和一般关系问题”的解决（2）</a> 2005-11-06</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Flaroutecatholique.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2501346.html&title=MING+YUAN+art+class+for+advanced+studies">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2501346.html</link>
   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Thu, 18 May 2006 23:35:33 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>我们能成为什么？</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">自由，我们不需任何理由，便可以拥有它。在德拉克洛瓦的画笔下、在马赛曲的音符间、在《理想国》、《乌托邦》、《利维坦》的幻想中，自由被印在全人类最神圣不可侵犯的旗帜上。与如此宏大的自由相比，还有一种更深层、更个人化的自由。它是如同人们呼吸一般自然的权利，是我们追求那种宏大的自由的基础。也正是它引导我们选择生活。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">亚里士多德在《尼格马科伦理学》中为告知我们如何实现幸福写下了第一笔。从那时起，我们的一切活动都被分为有德性的和恶性的。幸福则是伦理德性和理智德性相结合后所产生的一种奇妙的效果。这看上去与我们的生活没有什么关系，但至少他肯定了我们不需要任何别的什么人来帮助我们实现自己的幸福，只要靠我们自己就足够了。但是，对命运和自我控制的矛盾的疑虑始终都是我们难以摆脱的魔咒。奥勒留在《沉思录》中写道：每个人都可以从三种关系中来认识自己：人与神的关系、自我与他人的关系以及人自身的灵魂与肉体的关系。与之对应地，人要有三重义务（或责任）：对神要敬重、服从，保持虔诚；对他人要仁爱；对自己要遵循自然规则，有节制。伦理学是奥勒留所在的斯多哥学派主要涉及的领域。他们的主要目的就在于为伦理学建立一种唯理的基础。宇宙是一个美好的、完善的整体。人作为其中的一部分，也必须使自己符合宇宙的模式，即遵循宇宙的规律来实现自我。理性率统着世界，那么人也必须由理性来率统。反过来说，如果我们想要行为，想要兑现自己的自由，那么就必须要考虑三个问题：首先要对神负责；其次要对他人负责；最后还要对自己的理性负责。剩下的寥寥无几的事才是供我们自由选择的。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">中世纪思想的教父奥古斯丁把自己作为全人类的父亲，为人们构建出第一个自由的框架，以告诉我们：我们究竟应该成为什么。我们仍旧是善与恶相互较力时所借用的武器。借助我们这根杠杆，它们中的任何一个都可以撬起整个世界。事实还不仅如此，我们还要承担更多的责任。明智、勇敢、节制、争议四种德性评价出我们对善的热爱程度。二者程度又与我们自己的幸福息息相关。奥古斯丁没有真正把他自己当作全人类的父亲，但他为我们找到了一个能够预见罪孽，能够惩罚和帮助我们中的一些人原罪的更高层的权威。他就是上帝。不过，至少我们是自由的。我们可以选择做好事，也可以选择做坏事。其中的区别被严格地固定下来：前者会使我们幸福，而后者则必然导致不幸。一旦我们不幸地成为自己的不幸的缔造者，我们不仅要自己承担一切后果，而且还要对未听从上帝的旨意来选择生活而感到羞愧。《<a href="http://www.bibliquest.org/Bible_table_matieres.htm" target="_blank">圣经</a>》中曾提到过四个“完全人”，即诚实地顺从神的人。诺亚、约伯、大卫和亚撒随从绝对无罪的意义上讲仍然不是完全人，但他们在最后时刻的悔悟使他们重归上帝的怀抱。做坏事、错事就是背叛上帝；反过来也是一样。所以，从这个角度来说，自由仍旧与我们的生活没有多大关系。它更多地表现出对上帝的恭从，而不是选择者自己的权利。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">至此，在理性、情感和意志中，理性占据了绝对的统治地位；情感虽被压制到人性的最底层，但其由内向外的、不可抗拒的巨大力量却使人们仍不得不把它放到第二的位置上；而意志是前两者结合的产物。学者们不在思考我们应该成为什么，因为他们觉得这已经非常明显了：我们必须成为“好人”或“完全人”再或“有理性的人”。接下来让他们忧虑的是：我们会成为什么？这本来是不应该成为问题的。但当奥古斯丁即便用上帝的“恐吓”也无法威慑住那些“犯错”的人时，学者们就不得不在道德的花园中为“不道德的人”留下一小块埋葬自己的地方了。于是，经验主义集大成者休谟提出“道德感”的概念来解决这个问题。他认为道德感只不过是一种情感，“是对人类幸福的寻求和对其痛苦的憎恶”。而“这二者也就是德和恶倾向于促成的不同目的。”或者说，德的本质是使人快乐，而恶的本质就在于给人带来痛苦。这也就是说，若某人选择了德，那他就会快乐；若他选择了恶，他就必定会痛苦。但不论怎样，这种选择已经被解释为完全属于当事人自己的事了。不会有什么人真的来惩罚他，而把各种可能会有的痛苦看作是对他最大的惩戒。之所以是说“可能的痛苦”，是因为经验告诉我们，德与快乐、恶与痛苦之间本没有必然的联系。所以，休谟的界定又变成了另一种恐吓。一切乐观主义的企图至此都破灭了。人们可以不服从天命，也不一定非要热爱人类，热爱生活。意志只需为它自己负责，承担它自己生活的重任。理智是唯一可以控制的阀门。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">费希特从自我或意志的自由出发，提出了“伦理原则”及其演绎。他把人按照自身独立性概念来规定自己的自由当作是理智力量的必然思想，一种“本应当”如此的选择行为的理由。简单地说，就是不同于外部规律的、个人自主确立的“自由的规律”。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">此后，谢林又进一步巩固了这一观点，对自由的本质作出了更明确的规定，即自由的行为直接来自人的理智。但他推崇的神学唯心主义又对这种理智定下了限制条件：“自由的理智的行为必然是被决定的行为，尽管不是受外在的东西的决定，而是由其本质、本性决定的”。他明确指出人不论选择善还是恶，都不是被迫的，而都是带着充分的理由的，而且这也是他的自由。所以，本来的自由又被蒙上了一层某种宿命论的薄雾。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">叔本华从自由的反面来定义它：自由即相当于一切障碍的消除。按照障碍可能具有的性质，他相应地把自由分成了物理自由、理智自由和道德自由；意志也被分为自我意识和他物意识两种。对于他来讲，自由，意志的自由没有什么深刻的意义。它仅意味着一个无本质的存在，一个包含了德性与罪恶的矛盾。然而，德性和罪恶都是天赋的，它们的根源不在人的内部，而是跟随着外部的某种严格的必然性发生着。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">意志伦理学把尼采推向“狂人”的顶峰，而尼采承接着叔本华对善与恶本源的揭露又更深地挖掘着它们的本质。在他的“道德谱系”中，道德因人际的不平等被划分为“主人道德”和“奴隶道德”。这也就是说，对人的选择做出评判变成了一件更复杂的事。因为道德本身的标准也被分划了。善、恶、好、坏都失去各自原有的绝对定义，而变为不得不接受彼此的相对共生的状态。道德标准的削弱使得人获得了更多的自由。如同一个原先全身被缚的人，现在被解放了双手</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">……</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><p /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">追求崇高不等于就是追求幸福；按道德行事也不一定就是朝向善的发展。这似乎正是弗洛伊德所说的“人类文明的缺憾”。文明湮灭了人性，压抑了本来幸福、本来善的元质。幸运的是，在这危急时刻，萨特适时充当了“救世主”的角色。不过，他不是为教育我们如何成为“好人”而来，而是想要告诉我们如何能获得更多的自由。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">不同于笛卡尔著名的“我思故我在”，萨特推崇“意识到意识”的存在。不再是“我怀疑，我思维，所以我存在”；而是“意识到我怀疑，所以我存在”。他意在表达我们的自由不是什么东西赐予我们的特权，更不是被别的任何东西禁锢住的冥思苦想，我们自由是因为我们必定是自由的。在《存在与虚无》中，他阐述了其关于自由的独特观点。他认为虚无需要一个存在来支撑。于是，他选择了人。他确信是人把虚无带到世界来的——“人是一个由于他虚无才来到世界的存在”。虚无要通过人进入存在，所以人必须是自由的。反过来，人之所以自由又是因为虚无，以为他不是一个充满，而是一个缺少。总之，自由就意味着一个人的存在。而且“人不可能有是被束缚有时有自由，他是完全和永远自由的或不自由的”。他把自由上升到本体论的高度，使其从传统思想的三种决定论——上帝的假设、人性论神话和既定的伦理原则——的重压下获得解放。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">经过这漫长曲折的、不折不挠的探索之后，我仍然不禁要问：我们是什么？<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">我们是人。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“没有什么比人更宝贵的，尽管也没有什么比人更可怕的了”。陀思妥耶夫斯基曾经这样说。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">“</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">人是一个谜，需要解开它。”年轻的陀思妥耶夫斯基又在一封信中这样说道，“如果你一辈子都在解这个谜，那你就别说你浪费了时间，我在研究这个谜，因为我想成为一个人……”<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">我们正生活在一个什么样的地方？<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">“命运与情绪统治的世界。”拉罗什福科在《道德箴言录》中给出了这样的回答。<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">我们不是人，而更像是人与世界（或规律）这两个不同种类的实体的矛盾。在面对自由时，我们永远矛盾着……<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">我们能成为什么？<span lang="EN-US"><p /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt">我们不断推翻对自我的理解，不断重新定义自我。每次，我们都从中获得了更多的“自由”。但是，有一个问题，我们必须把它搁置在那儿，既不能忘记它也不能总想着它：我们不一定是因为某种必然的原因而诞生的，也不一定必然对于这个会死去的世界（宇宙）是有意义的。我们的自由可能什么都不是</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体">……除了它与我们自己的一生有关。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"><p /></span></p><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2601080.html">对中国近代史西方列强入侵的新反思</a> 2006-06-04</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2601018.html">TEMPLES AND COLUMNS</a> 2006-06-04</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2600983.html">古代文明的神庙与柱子</a> 2006-06-04</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1717383.html">我的文科理科之感</a> 2005-12-18</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1672131.html">继续，资本主义</a> 2005-12-06</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Flaroutecatholique.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F2097535.html&title=%E6%88%91%E4%BB%AC%E8%83%BD%E6%88%90%E4%B8%BA%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%EF%BC%9F">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2097535.html</link>
   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Mon, 20 Mar 2006 03:02:20 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>NO，NO，不要法国的~</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">在获悉已经进入<font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">“</span>意大利年<span lang="EN-US">”</span>之后，我一直兴奋不已地盼望着第一个意大利电影节的到来！可在我的精神急需艺术或生活的滋润时，在背后拍打我肩膀的居然是第三个法国电影节。我知道，这个喝着葡萄酒、时刻想要从埃菲尔铁塔上跳下来的家伙已经足够小心，以致不打扰到我：他只是轻轻地用他的食指点了我一下，但我的反应几乎与他预计的一样：“<span lang="EN-US">NO</span>，<span lang="EN-US">NO</span>，<span lang="EN-US">It’s already too much</span>！”<span lang="EN-US"></span></font></span><p align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">法国电影三顾中国茅庐是有它重要的政治目的的。法国能用来参展的好影片已经远远不能满足两国加深友谊的需要了。每届法国电影节都要请一位标牌式的人物来为这块大蛋糕切第一刀。男导演</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">莱奥<font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">·</span>卡拉克斯、女导演瓦尔达、女演员苏菲<span lang="EN-US">·</span>玛索。。。现在又轮到让<span lang="EN-US">·</span>雷诺来切蛋糕了。<span lang="EN-US"></span></font></span></p><p align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">不要法国的！因为他们很难摆脱低俗的幽默、令人烦躁不安的、无意义的对白和不加遮掩的无理由的高傲。一边炖着红菜汤，一边骂着美国的商业大片儿。。。可做完饭之后却发现，这红菜汤都是美国味儿的<font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">~ </span>法国人在这方面与煮着八宝粥的中国人倒有着同样的爱好和心理矛盾。法语能比中国话好听多少？法国女人能比中国姑娘更多地懂得什么是“时尚”？法国青年的叛逆一定比中国青年的更酷？答案仍然是：<span lang="EN-US">NO</span>，<span lang="EN-US">NO</span>，<span lang="EN-US">NO</span>！<span lang="EN-US"></span></font></span></p><p align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">我要德国电影节！当然意大利的也不错<font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">~ </span>事实上，以前的日本、韩国、保加利亚、罗马尼亚等国的电影节都比法国的更受我的宠爱<span lang="EN-US">~ </span>但我在电影院里看得最多的电影还是来自法国的。。。这不是我的“心理矛盾”<span lang="EN-US">~ </span>是我醒悟得有些晚。。。<span lang="EN-US"></span></font></span></p><p align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">《孩子》是我唯一会去看的影片<font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US">~ </span>因为以前曾在电视上看过介绍，感觉还算不错。如果非要再给我的钱包增加一份被掏空的可能性的话，那就一定是《飞机》了。因为幻想影片与那些对生活表现出无奈的电影一样，在我这里必然会得到超多的票数<span lang="EN-US">~ </span></font></span></p><p align="left"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">可。。。还有一个问题。。。钱到底从哪儿来？？？<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2501346.html">MING YUAN art class for advanced studies</a> 2006-05-18</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1888615.html">夜晚，北京，格里弗之殷红游记</a> 2006-02-05</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1852699.html">和我的情人们</a> 2006-01-23</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1687193.html">mes journées</a> 2005-12-10</div><div><a href="/logs/1684146.html">la littérature médiévale</a> 2005-12-09</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Flaroutecatholique.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F1962249.html&title=NO%EF%BC%8CNO%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E7%9A%84%7E">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1962249.html</link>
   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Wed, 22 Feb 2006 19:30:36 +0800</pubDate>
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   <title>夜晚，北京，格里弗之殷红游记</title>
   <description><![CDATA[<div><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312"><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">格里弗走出电梯，推开门，缓缓地走下台阶，台阶的尽头是那个同往常一样漆黑的夜晚。不同的只是人真的少了许多，久违的爆竹的噪音也确实多了不少。一侧楼房，一侧砖墙。一个真正的路灯都没有见到。偶然会看见有人在远处幽暗的灯光下徘徊或一闪而过。他们是孤独的小区保安，是实在无处庆祝的拾荒者，是不知如何喜悦的独处的影子。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">拐入街边的步行道，一个矮胖的女人直愣愣地背朝着街，坐在一个大广告牌下面。在街边闪烁的霓虹灯的映衬下，格里弗可以隐约看到她那张被裹在毛线帽子和厚厚的粗编围巾中的、胖乎乎的脸。在正对着她不到五步远的地方整齐地并排放着几辆自行车。格里弗顿时推测她可能是为了等到那几辆自行车的存车费才在这样的一个晚上坐在这样一个地方。但稍许过后，他又深感到另一种可能性：她也许是由于在想着什么正从她的记忆里消失的东西而忘记了离开，忘记了在这么一个寒冷的夜晚应该为自己找一个更暖和的地方。一张脸，红色的。她是格里弗这天晚上见到的第一个人。奇怪的是，他几乎每隔一天就会经过这里一次，可今天，这个女人对他来说仍然是一个陌生人。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">紧跑两步，冲上过街天桥。桥边聚集着一群人。吸引他们的是“中国龙”当着格里弗的面儿喷出的第一口“火”：两个男人站在街对面的角落里欣赏着他们放在地上、闪着光乱蹦的玩具。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">天桥上的人比街上的还要多。就像一个</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">瞭</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">望塔，从那里可以看到一片跳动的红色海洋。几个人站在桥中央，像排练好了似的站成一排，姿势各异，但都举着一个会喷火的棍儿朝天上射火球。桥下的汽车像一群没大脑的动物，盲目地躲避着从天而降的火球“四处乱跑”，“疯狂逃窜”。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">一走下天桥，周围的人数就骤然减少下来。像一个亮着灯的大盒子从异星俯冲而至，一辆<font face="楷体_GB2312"><span lang="EN-US">28</span>如同一头受了惊的大象从格里弗身边急驶而过。令人惊异的是，它完全是空的！此后，他又发现了一辆<span lang="EN-US">802</span>，只载了两个人；一辆<span lang="EN-US">352</span>，载了几个；<span lang="EN-US">300</span>，五六个；<span lang="EN-US">976</span>，没人；特<span lang="EN-US">8</span>，上层没人下层四个。。。另类的北京，疯狂的夜晚，格里弗却似乎渐渐有些爱上她了。。。可就在他全神贯注地欣赏自己的新情人时，幸运女神投出的一粒石子击中了他的头部。这一下使他从把自己打包像玫瑰一样赠给巨龙的冲动的悬崖边被拽了回来，及时地发现了自己正在全然不知地一步步走进一个定时炸弹的实验场。一边庆幸自己躲过一劫，一边绕过制造那个炸弹的恐怖分子和他站在旁边的同伙，一连串令人惊栗的爆炸声好像不想放弃似的，夹带着一股难闻的恐怖的气流从背后向格里弗袭来。。。<span lang="EN-US"></span></font></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">震耳欲聋的爆炸声，女人和孩子的尖叫声，由铺满地面的爆炸物的红色残骸制作的“地毯”。。。除了没有尸体，格里弗想，战场也就不过如此了。。。但尸体对于这群疯狂的龙图腾的崇拜者来说随时都可以得到：在某些本来已被格里弗确定没有人躲藏的黑暗角落，总会有什么东西突然冒出来爆炸，而点燃他们的凶手的影子也只在闪亮的火焰背后才浮现出来。危机四伏，危险重重；无处藏身，举步维艰。。。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">又是一侧砖墙，一侧楼房。没有人，周围却不停地发出巨响。格里弗感觉自己好像来到了一个不该来的地方，心里只想，让这些炸弹炸出点燃它们的阴谋家的脑浆！一摊血，红色的。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">硝烟充斥了格里弗的鼻孔，并且刺得他睁不开眼。挂在半空中的鞭炮更容易使人产生欣赏之感，但由其残骸演化而来的“红色的雪片”伴随着一股呛鼻的气味儿飘落下来。一种以能够制造所有爆竹都无法比及的巨响而见长的巨无霸，最疯狂的冒险热爱者的宠儿，在毫无防备的格里弗右侧的那面砖墙后面悄悄地蓄势待发。凭借儿时锻炼出来的条件反射，格里弗勉强禁受住了它们的偷袭。但是，一个刚从出租车上跳下来的女人似乎就没那么有经验了。她先是被这不愿显形的刺客惊吓住，然后又下意识地捂着秀发往前小跑了两步，她的高跟鞋还剁碎了路面上的一小潭无辜的薄冰。当然，格里弗也有他的不幸。一群疯子把他们的怪物宠物一起放在他必须经过的一个小型社区广场上。一个能够容纳十几辆汽车的小广场立刻变成了他根本叫不上名字来的、不友好之物的雷区。留给可怜的旅行者的只剩下一条很难辨别的蜿蜒的小路。。。<span lang="EN-US"><font face="楷体_GB2312"><span>  </span></font></span></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">绕来绕去，格里弗似乎找到了唯一的逃生通道。但就在这时，一个世界上最恶毒、最无愧于“小人”称号的、最损人悦己的爆竹爱好者，朝这个无辜的、普通的夜行者所在的方向发射了一枚“闪光弹”。格里弗随身携带的挎包关键时刻派上了用场。它挡住了那枚“导弹”向四周飞溅的火苗。但是，必然地，总有人会比他更不幸，总有人承担了这个世界最悲惨的负担：可怜的、一个本想只看看热闹的拾荒者这次又成为被不幸选中的人。没有道歉，没有真正的痛苦，因为所有人都沉浸在所谓的理所当然的欢乐祥和的气氛之中。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">25</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">分钟的危险之旅终于结束了！穿过枪林弹雨，格里弗继续苟存在另一个电梯间的门口。一排信箱前，一瓶被打碎了的葡萄酒印红了光泽的、白底黑色碎花的地砖。一潭酒，红色的。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312">“解禁”的巨龙锤醒了本来就不平静的北京，吐出火焰把天空和大地染成了它喜欢的红色。连绵不断的巨响成为欢乐的象征，而那些舞动巨龙的人与他们的宠物一举夺得祥和的代言人，这个特殊夜晚的代言人，这个时代的代言人。。。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p align="center" /></span></div><!--sp--><div class="relpost"><br/><h3>随机文章：</h3><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/2501346.html">MING YUAN art class for advanced studies</a> 2006-05-18</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1962249.html">NO，NO，不要法国的~</a> 2006-02-22</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1852699.html">和我的情人们</a> 2006-01-23</div><div><a href="http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1687193.html">mes journées</a> 2005-12-10</div><div><a href="/logs/1588670.html">无名 2</a> 2005-11-12</div></div><div class="addfav"><br />收藏到：<span class= "delicious"><a href="http://delicious.com/save?url=http%3A%2F%2Flaroutecatholique.blogbus.com%2Flogs%2F1888615.html&title=%E5%A4%9C%E6%99%9A%EF%BC%8C%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%EF%BC%8C%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E5%BC%97%E4%B9%8B%E6%AE%B7%E7%BA%A2%E6%B8%B8%E8%AE%B0">Del.icio.us</a></span></div><br /><br /><div class="sysmsg"><b><a href="http://www.blogbus.com" target="_blank">博客大巴，你的个人传媒早班车</a></b></div><br /><br />]]></description>
   <link>http://laroutecatholique.blogbus.com/logs/1888615.html</link>
   <author></author>
   <pubDate>Sun, 05 Feb 2006 17:46:53 +0800</pubDate>
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